Protestantyzm a islam w ujęciu misjologicznym

The presence of Christian missionaries amongst Muslims has raised numerous controversies from the very beginnings of the missionary movement. The history of missions shows that the missionary idea was far too frequently identified with colonialism as the missionary concept was regarded as superior to other cultures views.Such an attitude towards missions often led to the objectification of other cultures and religions as territories to be conquered and, consequently, increasing conflicts and divisions. It also had a great impact upon shaping a particular picture of the relations between Christian missionaries and Muslims.In order to build bridges between Christianity and Islam in the light of the new ecumenical paradigm of missions one needs first to realize and revise improper attitudes and assumptions made by Christian missionaries. It may be assumed that at first missionaries entered the Muslim culture with the vision of Western-style Christanisation, without paying proper respect to the religious values deeply rooted in the given culture. Such an attitude favored the development of mutual prejudice or even conflict. The crusade mentality which was represented by numerous Christian missionaries had been an attempt to gain new converts from among Muslims, often resulting in antagonistic attitudes from Islamic followers towards Christians. In time, however, such attitudes changed for the benefit of searching for Christian elements in Muslim culture. Hence the reading of the Koran with considering Christian elements (e.g. the Koranic term of Isa – Jesus, al-Masih – Messiah, and others) and an attempt to build bridges on their foundations. The missiological trend with the largest number of possibilities currently being contextualised, although it functions in various models (it has been presented in detail by, among others, John Travis).The presence of Christian missionaries amongst Muslims has raised numerous controversies from the very beginnings of the missionary movement. The history of missions shows that the missionary idea was far too frequently identified with colonialism as the missionary concept was regarded as superior to other cultures views.Such an attitude towards missions often led to the objectification of other cultures and religions as territories to be conquered and, consequently, increasing conflicts and divisions. It also had a great impact upon shaping a particular picture of the relations between Christian missionaries and Muslims.In order to build bridges between Christianity and Islam in the light of the new ecumenical paradigm of missions one needs first to realize and revise improper attitudes and assumptions made by Christian missionaries. It may be assumed that at first missionaries entered the Muslim culture with the vision of Western-style Christanisation, without paying proper respect to the religious values deeply rooted in the given culture. Such an attitude favored the development of mutual prejudice or even conflict. The crusade mentality which was represented by numerous Christian missionaries had been an attempt to gain new converts from among Muslims, often resulting in antagonistic attitudes from Islamic followers towards Christians. In time, however, such attitudes changed for the benefit of searching for Christian elements in Muslim culture. Hence the reading of the Koran with considering Christian elements (e.g. the Koranic term of Isa – Jesus, al-Masih – Messiah, and others) and an attempt to build bridges on their foundations. The missiological trend with the largest number of possibilities currently being contextualised, although it functions in various models (it has been presented in detail by, among others, John Travis)

Polish digital libraries in the context of credibility criteria for digital archives : a tentative evaluation

Celem niniejszego opracowania jest przedstawienie wyników, prawdopodobnie pierwszej w naszym kraju, próby ewaluacji polskich bibliotek cyfrowych w kontekście katalogów kryteriów wiarygodności cyfrowych kolekcji, opracowanych w strukturach międzynarodowej grupy roboczej RLG-NARA Digital Repository Certification Task Force oraz niemieckiej grupy Nestor, zaakceptowanych przez Międzynarodową Organizację Normalizacyjną jako norma ISO (ISO 16363:2012). Na przykładzie Małopolskiej Biblioteki Cyfrowej oraz Jagiellońskiej Biblioteki Cyfrowej starano się określić, czy i w jakim stopniu polskie instytucje biblioteczne tworzące kolekcje cyfrowych materiałów są przygotowane do spełnienia wymogów instytucji wiarygodnych, gwarantujących osiągnięcie celu długotrwałego zabezpieczenia użyteczności przechowywanych zasobów cyfrowych. Za narzędzie testowej ewaluacji posłużyły rejestry atrybutów wiarygodnych archiwów cyfrowych, zaproponowane przez grupy RLG-NARA oraz Nestor.The objective of this paper is to present the results of - probably the first in our country - attempt of evaluation of Polish digital libraries in the context of criteria for the credibility of digital collections developed by task forces RLG-NARA Digital Repository Certification Task Force and Nestor, ultimately approved by the International Organization for Standardization as an ISO standard (ISO 16363: 2012). The Malopolska Digital Library and the Jagiellonian Digital Library were used as samples to determine whether the Polish library institutions managing collections of digital materials are ready to meet the requirements of reliable institutions, able to fulfill the requirements of the long-term preservation processes. The registers of attributes for trustworthy digital archives, proposed by the working groups RLG-NARA and Nestor have been used as tools for this evaluation

safety and efficacy of miniaturized extracorporeal circulation when compared with off pump and conventional coronary artery bypass grafting evidence synthesis from a comprehensive bayesian framework network meta analysis of 134 randomized controlled trials involving 22 778 patients

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains the standard of care in patients with extensive coronary artery disease. Yet the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is believed to be a major determinant of perioperative morbidity. Novel techniques are sought to tackle the shortcomings of CPB, among them off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) and miniaturized extracorporeal circulation (MECC) systems have been extensively tested in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). To assess perioperative safety and efficacy of MECC and OPCAB when compared with conventional extracorporeal circulation (CECC).Published literature and major congress proceedings were screened for RCTs evaluating the safety and efficacy of MECC, OPCAB and CECC. Selected end-points such as 30-day all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), cerebral stroke, postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) and renal dysfunction were assessed in a Bayesian-framework network meta-analysis.A total of 134 studies with 22 778 patients were included. When compared with CECC, both OPCAB and MECC significantly reduced 30-day all-cause mortality [odds ratios (95% credible intervals): 0.75 (0.51-0.99) and 0.46 (0.22-0.91)], respectively. No differences in respect to MI were demonstrated with either strategy. OPCAB, when compared with CECC, reduced the odds of cerebral stroke [0.57 (0.34-0.80)]; 60% reduction was observed with MECC when compared with CECC [0.40 (0.19-0.78)]. Both OPCAB and MECC reduced the odds of POAF [0.66 (0.48-0.90) and 0.62 (0.35-0.98), respectively] when compared with CECC. OPCAB conferred over 30% reduction of renal dysfunction when compared with CECC [0.69 (0.46-0.92)]. MECC reduced these odds by more than 50% [0.47 (0.24-0.89)]. Ranking of treatments emerging from the probability analysis (highest to lowest SUCRA values) was MECC followed by OPCAB and CECC.MECC and OPCAB both improve perioperative outcomes following coronary bypass surgery when compared with conventional CABG performed with extracorporeal circulation. MECC may represent an attractive compromise between OPCAB and CECC

Total arterial revascularization coronary artery bypass surgery in patients with atrial fibrillation

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a relatively common comorbidity among patients referred for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) associated with poorer prognosis. However, little is known about how surgical technique influences survival in this population.Aim: The aim of the current analysis was to determine whether total arterial revascularization (TAR) is associated with improved long-term outcomes in patients with preoperative AF.Methods: We analyzed patient’s data from a HEIST (HEart surgery In atrial fibrillation and Supraventricular Tachycardia) registry. The registry, to date, involves five tertiary high-volume centers in Poland. Between 2006 and 2019, 4746 patients presented with pre-operative AF and multivessel coronary artery disease and underwent CABG. We identified cases of TAR and used propensity score matching to determine non-TAR controls. Median follow-up was 4.1 years (IQR, 1.9–6.8).Results: Propensity matching resulted in 295 pairs of TAR vs. non-TAR. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) number of distal anastomoses was 2.5 (0.6) vs. 2.5 (0.6) (P = 0.94) respectively. Operative and 30-day mortality were not different between TAR and non-TAR patients (hazard ratio [HR] and 95% confidence intervals [CIs], 0.17 (0.02–1.38); P = 0.12 and 0.74 [0.40–1.35]; P = 0.33), respectively. On contrary, TAR was associated with a nearly 30% improved late survival: HR, 0.72 (0.55–0.93); P = 0.01. This benefit was sustained in subgroup analyses, yet most appraised in low-risk patients (<70 years old; EuroSCORE II <2; no diabetes) and when off-pump CABG was performed.Conclusions: TAR in patients with pre-operative AF is safe and associated with improved survival with particular survival benefit in younger low-risk patients undergoing off-pump CABG

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: Do we have to perform coronary angiography?

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains a leading cause of global mortality, while survivors are burdened with long-term neurological and cardiovascular complications. OHCA management at the hospital level remains challenging, due to heterogeneity of OHCA presentation, the critical status of OHCA patients reaching the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and the demands of post ROSC treatment. The validity and optimal timing for coronary angiography is one important, yet not fully defined, component of OHCA management. Guidelines state clear recommendations for coronary angiography in OHCA patients with shockable rhythms, cardiogenic shock, or in patients with ST-segment elevation observed in electrocardiography after ROSC. However, there is no established consensus on the angiographic management in other clinical settings. While coronary angiography may accelerate the diagnostic and therapeutic process (provided OHCA was a consequence of coronary artery disease), it might come at the cost of impaired post-resuscitation care quality due to postponing of intensive care management. The aim of the current statement paper is to discuss clinical strategies for the management of OHCA including the stratification to invasive procedures and the rationale behind the risk-benefit ratio of coronary angiography, especially with patients in critical condition

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Prevention of contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients undergoing cardiovascular procedures : a systematic review and network meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Interventional diagnostic and therapeutic procedures requiring intravascular iodinated contrast steadily increase patient exposure to the risks of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI), which is associated with death, nonfatal cardiovascular events, and prolonged hospitalization. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for CIAKI prevention in patients undergoing cardiovascular invasive procedures with iodinated contrast.METHODS AND FINDINGS: MEDLINE, Google Scholar, EMBASE and Cochrane databases as well as abstracts and presentations from major cardiovascular and nephrology meetings were searched, up to 22 April 2016. Eligible studies were randomized trials comparing strategies to prevent CIAKI (alone or in combination) when added to saline versus each other, saline, placebo, or no treatment in patients undergoing cardiovascular invasive procedures with administration of iodinated contrast. Two reviewers independently extracted trial-level data including number of patients, duration of follow-up, and outcomes. Eighteen strategies aimed at CIAKI prevention were identified. The primary outcome was the occurrence of CIAKI. Secondary outcomes were mortality, myocardial infarction, dialysis and heart failure. The data were pooled using network meta-analysis. Treatment estimates were calculated as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% credible intervals (CrI). 147 RCTs involving 33,463 patients were eligible. Saline plus N-acetylcysteine (OR 0.72, 95%CrI 0.57-0.88), ascorbic acid (0.59, 0.34-0.95), sodium bicarbonate plus N-acetylcysteine (0.59, 0.36-0.89), probucol (0.42, 0.15-0.91), methylxanthines (0.39, 0.20-0.66), statin (0.36, 0.21-0.59), device-guided matched hydration (0.35, 0.12-0.79), prostaglandins (0.26, 0.08-0.62) and trimetazidine (0.26, 0.09-0.59) were associated with lower odds of CIAKI compared to saline. Methylxanthines (0.12, 0.01-0.94) or left ventricular end-diastolic pressure-guided hydration (0.09, 0.01-0.59) were associated with lower mortality compared to saline.CONCLUSIONS: Currently recommended treatment with saline as the only measure to prevent CIAKI during cardiovascular procedures may not represent the optimal strategy. Vasodilators, when added to saline, may significantly reduce the odds of CIAKI following cardiovascular procedures