Applications of fuzzy counterpropagation neural networks to non-linear function approximation and background noise elimination

An adaptive filter which can operate in an unknown environment by performing a learning mechanism that is suitable for the speech enhancement process. This research develops a novel ANN model which incorporates the fuzzy set approach and which can perform a non-linear function approximation. The model is used as the basic structure of an adaptive filter. The learning capability of ANN is expected to be able to reduce the development time and cost of the designing adaptive filters based on fuzzy set approach. A combination of both techniques may result in a learnable system that can tackle the vagueness problem of a changing environment where the adaptive filter operates. This proposed model is called Fuzzy Counterpropagation Network (Fuzzy CPN). It has fast learning capability and self-growing structure. This model is applied to non-linear function approximation, chaotic time series prediction and background noise elimination

Mesin Pencari Berbasiskan Semantik Untuk Bahasa Indonesia

Makin meningkatnya jumlah informasi yang terdapat di Internet menjadi salah satu alasan yang kuat untuk mengembangkan mesin pencari yang handal. Google merupakan salah satu mesin pencari yang handal namun masih memiliki keterbatasan khususnya dalam melakukan analisa kandungan dokumen. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan mesin pencari yang dapat menganalisa kandungan teks bahasa Indonesia dengan menggunakan metodologi studi literatur dan penelitian lapangan. Berdasarkan hasil uji coba, penggunaan analisa semantik mempermudah pengguna dalam mencari artikel yang dibutuhkan

Analisis Kinerja Bisnis Koperasi dan Strategi Pengembangannya

Keberhasilan dibidang ekonomi yang telah dicapai sampai sekarang ini tentunyatidak lepas dari peran serta masing-masing pelaku ekonomi yaitu Koperasi, BUMN(Badan Usaha Milik Negara), dan BUMS (Badan usaha Milik Swasta) sertaperanan masyarakat yang terdapat didalamnya. Kerangka analisis kasus secarakeseluruhan dalam memahami situasi dan informasi yang ada, memahamipermasalahanyang terjadi baik masalah yang bersifat umum maupun spesifik,menciptakan berbagai alternatif dan memberiakan berbagai alternatif pemecahanmasalah, Evaluasi pilihan alternatif dan pilih alternatif yang terbaik. Rekomendasistrategi yang diberikan adalah Agresif, artinya KPRI RSU dr Slamet dalam kondisiprima dan mantap sehingga sangat dimungkinkan untuk terus melakukan ekspansi,memperbesar pertumbuhan dan meraih kemajuan secara maksimal. hasil observasidari kegiatan Praktik Lapang ini ialah laporan keuangan banyak yang tidak sesuaipencatatan laporan keuangan seperti neraca, laporan laba rugi, perubahan ekuitas,arus kas, catatan atas laporan keuangan, angkanya banyak yang tidak sama dengantahun yang sebelumnya.Kata kunci: Bisnis Koperasi, Strategi pengembangan, Analisis SWO

Bispectral index value correlates with Glasgow Coma Scale in traumatic brain injury patients

Tjokorda Gde Agung Senapathi, Made Wiryana, I Gusti Ngurah Mahaalit Aribawa, Christopher Ryalino Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Udayana University, Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia Background: Accuracy of consciousness level assessment is very important. It may determine and influence further clinical decisions, thus influences patients’ outcomes. The widest method in determining the level of awareness is the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Despite its common use, GCS scores obtained by one clinician may differ from others depending on their interpretations and past experience. One of the tools used to assess the level of consciousness objectively is bispectral index (BIS). The aim of this study was to identify the correlation between BIS and GCS score in patients with traumatic brain injury. Patients and Methods: A total of 78 patients who were admitted to emergency room for traumatic brain injury were included in this study. One observer evaluated the GCS of all patients to minimize subjectivity. Another investigator then obtained the BIS values for each patient. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to determine whether GCS correlated with BIS value. Results: In 78 patients, the BIS was found to be significantly correlated with GCS (r=0.744, p<0.01). The BIS values increased with an increasing GCS. Mean BIS values of mild, moderate, and severe head injury were 88.1±5.6, 72.1±11.1, and 60.4±11.7, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, a significant correlation existed between GCS and BIS. This finding suggests that BIS may be used for assessing GCS in patients with traumatic brain injury. However, the scatters of BIS values for any GCS level may limit the BIS in predicting GCS accurately. Keywords: decreased consciousness, head injury, BIS monitor, consciousness level, anesthesia depth, prediction, associatio

Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale correlates with bispectral index in traumatic brain injury patients who underwent craniotomy

Tjokorda Gde Bagus Mahadewa,1 Tjokorda Gde Agung Senapathi,2 Made Wiryana,2 I Gusti Ngurah Mahaalit Aribawa,2 Ketut Yudi Arparitna,2 Christopher Ryalino2 1Department of Neurosurgery, Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar, Indonesia; 2Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Management, Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar, Indonesia Background: Assessing consciousness in traumatic brain injury is important because it also determines the treatment option, which will influence patients’ outcome. A tool used to objectively assess consciousness level is the bispectral index (BIS) monitor, which was originally designed to monitor the depth of anesthesia. Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOS-E) provides a measuring tool to assess traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcome. The goal of this study was to assess the correlation between GOS-E scores with BIS values in patients with TBI who underwent craniotomy. Patients and methods: A total of 68 patients admitted to the emergency department with decreased consciousness due to TBI who underwent craniotomy were included in the study. BIS value was measured upon admission, then GOS-E score was determined 6 months after the incident took place. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation between GOS-E score and BIS value. Results: In 68 patients, the GOS-E score was found to have a strong correlation (r =0.921, p<0.01) with BIS values. From this study, the formula to estimate GOS-E score based on BIS value upon admission stands as: GOS-E =0.19 (BIS) – 8.31. Conclusion: This study found that there is a strong correlation between GOS-E score and BIS value. These findings suggest that BIS scores upon admission may be used to predict the outcomes in patients with TBI. However, the wide distribution of BIS values for each GOS-E score may limit the use of BIS scores in accurately predicting GOS-E scores. Keywords: decreased consciousness, head injury, outcome, predictio

Effectiveness of intramuscular neostigmine to accelerate bladder emptying after spinal anesthesia

Tjokorda Gde Agung Senapathi, Made Wiryana, I Made Subagiartha, I Putu Pramana Suarjaya, I Made Gede Widnyana, Ida Bagus Krisna Jaya Sutawan, A A Gde Putra Semara Jaya, Andri Thewidya Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Sanglah Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia Purpose: Postoperative urinary retention (POUR) is one of the most common complications following spinal anesthesia. Spinal anesthesia may influence urinary bladder function due to interruption of the micturition reflex. Urinary catheterization is the standard treatment of POUR. Urinary catheter insertion is an invasive procedure, which is associated with catheter-related infections, urethral trauma, and patient discomfort. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of intramuscular (IM) neostigmine to accelerate bladder emptying after spinal anesthesia. Patients and methods: A total of 36 patients undergoing lower abdominal (except for pelvic, urologic, anorectal, and hernia surgery) and lower extremity surgery under spinal anesthesia were divided into two groups randomly (n=18), to either neostigmine (N) group or control (C) group. Neostigmine 0.5 mg (N group) or NaCl 0.9% (C group) was administered intramuscularly when Bromage score 0 and sensory level sacral two have been achieved. The time to first voiding after IM injection and the time to first voiding after spinal anesthesia were measured. Results: The time to first voiding after IM injection was significantly faster (P≤0.05) in the N group than that in the C group, with median time as 40 minutes (20–70 minutes) and 75 minutes (55–135 minutes), respectively. Time to first voiding after spinal anesthesia was also significantly faster (P≤0.05) in the N group than that in the C group (mean of 280.8±66.6 minutes and 364.2±77.3 minutes, respectively). Conclusion: IM neostigmine effectively accelerates bladder emptying after spinal anesthesia. Keywords: neostigmine, postoperative urinary retention, bladder emptying, spinal anesthesia, anticholinesterase, neuraxial anesthesi