10,601 research outputs found
Professional Expectations of Provider LGBTQ Competence: Where We Are and Where We Need to Go
Introduction: Mental and behavioral health professional organizations use their governing documents to set expectations of provider competence in working with LGBTQ+ clients.
Method: The codes of ethics and training program accreditation guidelines of nine mental and behavioral health disciplines (n=16) were analyzed using template analysis.
Results: Coding resulted in fives themes: mission and values, direct practice, clinician education, culturally competent professional development, and advocacy. Expectations for provider competency vary greatly across disciplines.
Conclusion: Having a mental and behavioral health workforce that is uniformly competent in meeting the unique needs of LGBTQ populations is key for supporting the mental and behavioral health of LGBTQ persons.This work was supported by the University of Maryland Prevention Research Center cooperative agreement from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (grant U48DP006382). N.D.W. also acknowledges support from the Southern Regional Education Board and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Health Policy Research Scholars Program. J.N.F. also acknowledges support from the Maryland Population Research Center, by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (grant P2CHD041041). This work does not expressly represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institutes of Health, or the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
Development of intuitive rules: Evaluating the application of the dual-system framework to understanding children's intuitive reasoning
This is an author-created version of this article. The original source of publication is Psychon Bull Rev. 2006 Dec;13(6):935-53
The final publication is available at www.springerlink.com
Published version: http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BF0321390
Fermi-LAT Study of Gamma-ray Emission in the Direction of Supernova Remnant W49B
We present an analysis of the gamma-ray data obtained with the Large Area
Telescope (LAT) onboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope in the direction of
SNR W49B (G43.3-0.2). A bright unresolved gamma-ray source detected at a
significance of 38 sigma is found to coincide with SNR W49B. The energy
spectrum in the 0.2-200 GeV range gradually steepens toward high energies. The
luminosity is estimated to be 1.5x10^{36} (D/8 kpc)^2 erg s^-1 in this energy
range. There is no indication that the gamma-ray emission comes from a pulsar.
Assuming that the SNR shell is the site of gamma-ray production, the observed
spectrum can be explained either by the decay of neutral pi mesons produced
through the proton-proton collisions or by electron bremsstrahlung. The
calculated energy density of relativistic particles responsible for the LAT
flux is estimated to be remarkably large, U_{e,p}>10^4 eV cm^-3, for either
gamma-ray production mechanism.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figure
Gamma-ray flaring activity from the gravitationally lensed blazar PKS 1830-211 observed by Fermi LAT
The Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
routinely detects the highly dust-absorbed, reddened, and MeV-peaked flat
spectrum radio quasar PKS 1830-211 (z=2.507). Its apparent isotropic gamma-ray
luminosity (E>100 MeV) averaged over 3 years of observations and peaking
on 2010 October 14/15 at 2.9 X 10^{50} erg s^{-1}, makes it among the brightest
high-redshift Fermi blazars. No published model with a single lens can account
for all of the observed characteristics of this complex system. Based on radio
observations, one expects time delayed variability to follow about 25 days
after a primary flare, with flux about a factor 1.5 less. Two large gamma-ray
flares of PKS 1830-211 have been detected by the LAT in the considered period
and no substantial evidence for such a delayed activity was found. This allows
us to place a lower limit of about 6 on the gamma rays flux ratio between the
two lensed images. Swift XRT observations from a dedicated Target of
Opportunity program indicate a hard spectrum and with no significant
correlation of X-ray flux with the gamma-ray variability. The spectral energy
distribution can be modeled with inverse Compton scattering of thermal photons
from the dusty torus. The implications of the LAT data in terms of variability,
the lack of evident delayed flare events, and different radio and gamma-ray
flux ratios are discussed. Microlensing effects, absorption, size and location
of the emitting regions, the complex mass distribution of the system, an
energy-dependent inner structure of the source, and flux suppression by the
lens galaxy for one image path may be considered as hypotheses for
understanding our results.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables. Accepted by the The Astrophysical
Journal. Corresponding authors: S. Ciprini (ASI ASDC & INAF OAR, Rome,
Italy), S. Buson (INAF Padova & Univ. of Padova, Padova, Italy), J. Finke
(NRL, Washington, DC, USA), F. D'Ammando (INAF IRA, Bologna, Italy
Fermi Large Area Telescope observations of the Vela-X Pulsar Wind Nebula
We report on gamma-ray observations in the off-pulse window of the Vela
pulsar PSR B0833-45, using 11 months of survey data from the Fermi Large Area
Telescope (LAT). This pulsar is located in the 8 degree diameter Vela supernova
remnant, which contains several regions of non-thermal emission detected in the
radio, X-ray and gamma-ray bands. The gamma-ray emission detected by the LAT
lies within one of these regions, the 2*3 degrees area south of the pulsar
known as Vela-X. The LAT flux is signicantly spatially extended with a best-fit
radius of 0.88 +/- 0.12 degrees for an assumed radially symmetric uniform disk.
The 200 MeV to 20 GeV LAT spectrum of this source is well described by a
power-law with a spectral index of 2.41 +/- 0.09 +/- 0.15 and integral flux
above 100 MeV of (4.73 +/- 0.63 +/- 1.32) * 10^{-7} cm^{-2} s^{-1}. The first
errors represent the statistical error on the fit parameters, while the second
ones are the systematic uncertainties. Detailed morphological and spectral
analyses give strong constraints on the energetics and magnetic field of the
pulsar wind nebula (PWN) system and favor a scenario with two distinct electron
populations.Comment: 21 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Astrophysical
Journa
Discovery of very high energy gamma rays from PKS 1424+240 and multiwavelength constraints on its redshift
We report the first detection of very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission
above 140 GeV from PKS 1424+240, a BL Lac object with an unknown redshift. The
photon spectrum above 140 GeV measured by VERITAS is well described by a power
law with a photon index of 3.8 +- 0.5_stat +- 0.3_syst and a flux normalization
at 200 GeV of (5.1 +- 0.9_stat +- 0.5_syst) x 10^{-11} TeV^-1 cm^-2 s^-1, where
stat and syst denote the statistical and systematical uncertainty,
respectively. The VHE flux is steady over the observation period between MJD
54881 and 55003 (2009 February 19 to June 21). Flux variability is also not
observed in contemporaneous high energy observations with the Fermi Large Area
Telescope (LAT). Contemporaneous X-ray and optical data were also obtained from
the Swift XRT and MDM observatory, respectively. The broadband spectral energy
distribution (SED) is well described by a one-zone synchrotron self-Compton
(SSC) model favoring a redshift of less than 0.1. Using the photon index
measured with Fermi in combination with recent extragalactic background light
(EBL) absorption models it can be concluded from the VERITAS data that the
redshift of PKS 1424+240 is less than 0.66.Comment: accepted for publication, Ap
Detection of 16 Gamma-Ray Pulsars Through Blind Frequency Searches Using the Fermi LAT
Pulsars are rapidly-rotating, highly-magnetized neutron stars emitting
radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum. Although there are more than
1800 known radio pulsars, until recently, only seven were observed to pulse in
gamma rays and these were all discovered at other wavelengths. The Fermi Large
Area Telescope makes it possible to pinpoint neutron stars through their
gamma-ray pulsations. We report the detection of 16 gamma-ray pulsars in blind
frequency searches using the LAT. Most of these pulsars are coincident with
previously unidentified gamma-ray sources, and many are associated with
supernova remnants. Direct detection of gamma-ray pulsars enables studies of
emission mechanisms, population statistics and the energetics of pulsar wind
nebulae and supernova remnants.Comment: Corresponding authors: Michael Dormody, Paul S. Ray, Pablo M. Saz
Parkinson, Marcus Ziegle
Fermi Large Area Telescope Measurements of the Diffuse Gamma-Ray Emission at Intermediate Galactic Latitudes
The diffuse Galactic gamma-ray emission is produced by cosmic rays (CRs)
interacting with the interstellar gas and radiation field. Measurements by the
Energetic Gamma-Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) instrument on the Compton
Gamma-Ray Observatory indicated excess gamma-ray emission > 1 GeV relative to
diffuse Galactic gamma-ray emission models consistent with directly measured CR
spectra (the so-called ``EGRET GeV excess''). The excess emission was observed
in all directions on the sky, and a variety of explanations have been proposed,
including beyond-the-Standard-Model scenarios like annihilating or decaying
dark matter. The Large Area Telescope (LAT) instrument on the Fermi Gamma-ray
Space Telescope has measured the diffuse gamma-ray emission with improved
sensitivity and resolution compared to EGRET. We report on LAT measurements of
the diffuse gamma-ray emission for energies 100 MeV to 10 GeV and Galactic
latitudes 10 deg. <= |b| <= 20 deg. The LAT spectrum for this region of the sky
is well reproduced by a diffuse Galactic gamma-ray emission model that is
consistent with local CR spectra and inconsistent with the EGRET GeV excess.Comment: 2 figures, 1 table, accepted by Physical Review Letters, available
online Dec. 18th, 200
Fermi Large Area Telescope Observations of the Cosmic-Ray Induced gamma-ray Emission of the Earth's Atmosphere
We report on measurements of the cosmic-ray induced gamma-ray emission of
Earth's atmosphere by the Large Area Telescope onboard the Fermi Gamma-ray
Space Telescope. The LAT has observed the Earth during its commissioning phase
and with a dedicated Earth-limb following observation in September 2008. These
measurements yielded 6.4 x 10^6 photons with energies >100MeV and ~250hours
total livetime for the highest quality data selection. This allows the study of
the spatial and spectral distributions of these photons with unprecedented
detail. The spectrum of the emission - often referred to as Earth albedo
gamma-ray emission - has a power-law shape up to 500 GeV with spectral index
Gamma = 2.79+-0.06.Comment: Accepted for publication in PR
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