6,017 research outputs found
PROTECTING PROPERTY RIGHTS WITH STRICT SCRUTINY: AN ARGUMENT FOR THE SPECIFICALLY AND UNIQUELY ATTRIBUTABLE STANDARD
This article analyzes three levels of scrutiny states have applied to regulatory takings cases. These include \u27judicial deterrence , rational nexus , and specifically and uniquely attributable . The author argues that the first two standards are inefficient and concludes in favor of the specifically and uniquely attributable standard
Mirage Cosmology in M-theory
We extend the idea of mirage cosmology to M-theory. Considering the motion of
a probe brane in the M-theory background generated by a stack of non-threshold
(M2,M5) bound states, we study the cosmological evolution of the brane universe
in this background. We estimate the range of where the formalism is valid.
Effective energy density on the probe brane is obtained in terms of the scale
factor. Comparing the limiting case of the result with that from type IIB
background, we confirm that the cosmological evolution by mirage matter is a
possible scenario in the M-theory context.Comment: 12 pages, effective matter density is expressed in terms of scale
facto
Criminal Law and Procedure
This Article surveys recent developments in criminal procedure and law in Virginia. Because of space limitations, the authors have limited their discussion to the most significant published appellate decisions and legislation
Cryptographically Secure Information Flow Control on Key-Value Stores
We present Clio, an information flow control (IFC) system that transparently
incorporates cryptography to enforce confidentiality and integrity policies on
untrusted storage. Clio insulates developers from explicitly manipulating keys
and cryptographic primitives by leveraging the policy language of the IFC
system to automatically use the appropriate keys and correct cryptographic
operations. We prove that Clio is secure with a novel proof technique that is
based on a proof style from cryptography together with standard programming
languages results. We present a prototype Clio implementation and a case study
that demonstrates Clio's practicality.Comment: Full version of conference paper appearing in CCS 201
Quiet Eye Duration and Gun Motion in Elite Shotgun Shooting
INTRODUCTION:
No literature exists to document skill-related differences in shotgun shooting and whether these may be a function of eye movements and control of gun motion. We therefore conducted an exploratory investigation of the visual search behaviors and gun barrel kinematics used by elite and subelite shooters across the three shotgun shooting subdisciplines.
METHODS:
Point of gaze and gun barrel kinematics were recorded in groups of elite (n = 24) and subelite (n = 24) shooters participating in skeet, trap, and double trap events. Point of gaze was calculated in relation to the scene, while motion of the gun was captured by two stationary external cameras. Quiet eye (final fixation or tracking gaze that is located on a specific location/object in the visual display for a minimum of 100 ms) duration and onset were analyzed as well as gun motion profiles in the horizontal and vertical planes.
RESULTS:
In skeet, trap, and double trap disciplines, elite shooters demonstrated both an earlier onset and a longer relative duration of quiet eye than their subelite counterparts did. Also, in all three disciplines, quiet eye duration was longer and onset earlier during successful compared with unsuccessful trials for elite and subelite shooters. Kinematic analyses indicated that a slower movement of the gun barrel was used by elite compared with subelite shooters.
CONCLUSIONS:
Overall, stable gun motion and a longer quiet eye duration seem critical to a successful performance in all three shotgun disciplines
The Bougainvillea mealybug Phenacoccus peruvianus, a rapid invader from South America to Europe
Τα κοκκοειδή έντομα εμφανίζονται συχνά ως εισβολείς σε νέες περιοχές. Το είδος Phenacoccus peruvianus Granara de Willink, 2007, γνωστό και ως ψευδόκοκκος της βουκαμβίλιας παρατηρήθηκε για πρώτη φορά στην Ευρώπη το 1999 στην Ισπανία (Αλμερία) και αργότερα το 2002 στην Ιταλία (Σικελία). Αρχικά το είδος είχε αναγνωριστεί ως Phenacoccus sp. Κατα- γραφές του είδους έγιναν συχνότερες και σε άλλες περιοχές της Ισπανίας (συμπεριλαμβανομέ- νων και των Βελεαρίδων νήσων), στη Μ. Βρετανία, τη Γαλλία (συμπεριλαμβανομένης και της Κορσικής), το Μονακό και την Πορτογαλία. Τα φυτά ξενιστές ήταν στις περισσότερες περι- πτώσεις του γένους Bougainvillea.Scale insects are frequent invaders of new territories. The Bougainvillea mealybug, Phenacoccus peruvianus Granara de Willink, 2007, was recorded in Europe for the first time in 1999 in Spain (Almeria) and later in 2002 in Italy (Sicily). Initially, this unknown species was identified provisionally as Phenacoccus sp. Records of this species became frequent later when it was found in other localities in Spain (including the Balearic Islands), Great Britain, France (including Corsica), Monaco, and Portugal. The host plants of this mealybug were in most cases species of Bougainvillea
Enhanced Temporal but Not Attentional Processing in Expert Tennis Players
In tennis, as in many disciplines of sport, fine spatio-temporal resolution is required to reach optimal performance. While many studies on tennis have focused on anticipatory skills or decision making, fewer have investigated the underlying visual perception abilities. In this study, we used a battery of seven visual tests that allowed us to assess which kind of visual information processing is performed better by tennis players than other athletes (triathletes) and non-athletes. We found that certain time-related skills, such as speed discrimination, are superior in tennis players compared to non-athletes and triathletes. Such tasks might be used to improve tennis performance in the future
Structure and kinetics in the freezing of nearly hard spheres
We consider homogeneous crystallisation rates in confocal microscopy
experiments on colloidal nearly hard spheres at the single particle level.
These we compare with Brownian dynamics simuations by carefully modelling the
softness in the interactions with a Yukawa potential, which takes account of
the electrostatic charges present in the experimental system. Both structure
and dynamics of the colloidal fluid are very well matched between experiment
and simulation, so we have confidence that the system simulated is close to
that in the experiment. In the regimes we can access, we find reasonable
agreement in crystallisation rates between experiment and simulations, noting
that the larger system size in experiments enables the formation of critical
nuclei and hence crystallisation at lower supersaturations than the
simulations. We further examine the structure of the metastable fluid with a
novel structural analysis, the topological cluster classification. We find that
at densities where the hard sphere fluid becomes metastable, the dominant
structure is a cluster of m=10 particles with five-fold symmetry. At a particle
level, we find three regimes for the crystallisation process: metastable fluid
(dominated by m=10 clusters), crystal and a transition region of frequent
hopping between crystal-like environments and other (m\neq10) structuresComment: 10 page
Supersoft X-ray Sources in M31: I. A Chandra Survey and an Extension to Quasisoft Sources
We report on very soft X-ray sources (VSSs) in M31. In a survey which was
most sensitive to soft sources in four 8'x8' regions covered by Chandra's
ACIS-S S3 CCD, we find 33 VSSs that appear to belong to M31. Fifteen VSSs have
spectral characteristics mirroring the supersoft X-ray sources studied in the
Magellanic Cloud and Milky Way ( eV); we therefore call
these ``classical'' supersoft sources, or simply supersoft sources (SSSs).
Eighteen VSSs may either have small (< 10%) hard components, or slightly higher
effective temperatures (but still < 350 eV). We refer to these VSSs as
quasisoft sources (QSSs). While hot white dwarf models may apply to SSSs, the
effective temperatures of QSSs are too high, unless, e.g., the radiation
emanates from only a small portion of surface. Two of the SSSs were first
detected and identified as such through ROSAT observations. One SSS and one QSS
may be identified with symbiotics, and 2 SSSs with supernova remnants. Both
SSSs and QSSs in the disk are found near star-forming regions, possibly
indicating that they are young. VSSs in the outer disk and halo are likely to
be old systems; in these regions, there are more QSSs than SSSs, which is
opposite to what is found in fields closer to the galaxy center. The largest
density of bright VSSs is in the bulge; some of the bulge sources are close
enough to the nucleus to be remnants of the tidal disruption of a giant by the
massive central black hole. By using Chandra data in combination with ROSAT and
XMM observations, we find most VSSs to be highly variable, fading from or
brightening toward detectability on time scales of months. There is evidence
for VSSs with low luminosities ( erg s).Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ. Classification
of supersoft and quasisoft sources is clarifie
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