What to Do When There\u27s No I Do : A Model for Answering Damages under Promissory Estoppel

Since its inception in the seventeenth century, the common-law action for breach of promise to marry has been the subject of recurrent legal debates. Beginning in the 1930s, some states began passing statutes that abolished the action altogether. Even so, today about half of American jurisdictions retain the breach-of-promise action in some form. This Article advocates a compromise that is not currently the law in any American jurisdiction: parties who breach promises to marry should be liable for damages, but only to the extent they have induced reliance by those to whom they were formerly engaged. Under this proposed model, courts would employ promissory estoppel to define both the nature and scope of damages available to those aggrieved by broken nuptial promises. Through the prism of promissory estoppel, this Article re-examines the broad range of damages courts traditionally awarded breach-of-promise plaintiffs at common law and explains why, given modem social conditions, reliance damages are the only appropriate elements of recovery. In this context, reliance damages would include provision both for expenditures made and economic opportunities foregone in anticipation of marriage. The reliance-based approach advocated in this Article would encourage responsibility, honesty, and forthrightness in romantic relationships, but avoid the abuses associated with the historical breach-of-promise action

Deracialization and Democracy

The United States suffers the conthiued costs of mahitainhig a racial hierarchy. Enhanced diversity and growhig realization of the economic costs of that hierarchy could lead to democratic pressure for reform. Yet, in the U.S., elites on the radical right seek to entrench themselves in power through the constriction of voting power and the strategic use of the racial hierarchy as a political tool. This Article traces the anti-democratic efforts of the radical right to limit the political power of the nation\u27s enhanced diversity, and to utilize archaic governance measures to entrench themselves politically, regardless of the costs of allowing the racial hierarchy to continue to fester. Antidemocratic efforts to limit voting power to assure non-democratic governance and outcomes recently scored significant success as recounted in this Article. The anti-democratic contrivances to limit the power of enhanced diversity requires comparable countermeasures to vindicate the core value of expanded democracy that find its roots in our history and in the Constitution\u27s trajectory towards ever greater democratic governance. This Article surveys countermeasures that could lead to the preservation and even expansion of democratic governance. It concludes that only through a renewed pursuit of expansive voting rights can we restore our democracy and move the nation away from its racist past

Evaluating Multi-objective Trade-offs in Mature Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) Stands of Western Oregon

Contemporary forest management involves a more extensive and diverse suite of management objectives than was the case throughout much of the Twentieth Century. Heightened public and political awareness of local and global biodiversity decline, and interest in arresting these trends, has increased the emphasis on broad-based biodiversity conservation as an outcome of forest management in many temperate regions. Similarly, the stressors and opportunities associated with global climate change have elevated climate change mitigation and climate change adaptation to important objectives in forests worldwide. The recent proliferation of management objectives, including biodiversity conservation, climate change mitigation and climate change adaptation, creates challenges when attempting to manage for complex sets of objectives, simultaneously. Although research has begun to explore the potential trade-offs involved in this multi-objective management, certain combinations of objectives have rarely been considered. This is the case for trade-offs between climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation, and biodiversity conservation. Evaluating this combination of objectives provided the overarching theme for this dissertation. An important secondary theme throughout each chapter of this dissertation is the ecology and management of mature Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stands, in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) of the United States. Whereas the ecology of old-growth Douglas-fir forests has been the subject of much research over the past three decades, few studies have focused on the ecology or management of stands in the mature phase of stand development. This is despite the significance of the onset of maturity in PNW forest policy. Expanding the science-base on the ecology of mature forests, and the effects of active management conducted during the mature phase of stand development, is an important aim of this dissertation

Intra-session and inter-day reliability of the Myon 320 electromyography system during sub-maximal contractions

Electromyography systems are widely used within the field of scientific and clinical practices. The reliability of these systems are paramount when conducting research. The reliability of Myon 320 Surface Electromyography System is yet to be determined. This study aims to determine the intra-session and inter-day reliability of the Myon 320 Surface Electromyography System. Muscle activity from fifteen participants was measured at the anterior deltoid muscle during a bilateral front raise exercise, the vastus lateralis muscle during a squat exercise and the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) muscle during an isometric handgrip task. Intra-session and inter-day reliability was calculated by intraclass correlation coefficient, standard error of measurement and coefficient of variation (CV). The normalized root mean squared (RMS) surface electromyographic signals produced good intra-session and inter-day testing intraclass correlation coefficient values (range: 0.63-0.97) together with low standard error of measurement (range: 1.49-2.32) and CV (range: 95% Confidence Interval = 0.36-12.71) measures for the dynamic-and-isometric contractions. The findings indicate that the Myon 320 Surface Electromyography System produces good to fair reliability when examining intra-session and inter-day reliability. Findings of the study provide evidence of the reliability of electromyography between trials which is essential during clinical testing.</p

First-line treatments for people with single or multiple brain metastases

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To compare the safety and efficacy of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy as first‐line treatment for people with single or multiple brain metastases, either alone or in combination

Trained immunity or tolerance : opposing functional programs induced in human monocytes after engagement of various pattern recognition receptors

Article Accepted Date: 29 January 2014. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS D.C.I. received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement HEALTH-2010-260338 (“Fungi in the setting of inflammation, allergy and autoimmune diseases: translating basic science into clinical practices” [ALLFUN]) (awarded to M.G.N.). M.G.N. and J.Q. were supported by a Vici grant of the Netherlands Organization of Scientific Research (awarded to M.G.N.). This work was supported, in part, by National Institutes of Health grant GM53522 to D.L.W. N.A.R.G. was supported by the Wellcome Trust.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Transmission of High-Power Electron Beams Through Small Apertures

Tests were performed to pass a 100 MeV, 430 kWatt c.w. electron beam from the energy-recovery linac at the Jefferson Laboratory's FEL facility through a set of small apertures in a 127 mm long aluminum block. Beam transmission losses of 3 p.p.m. through a 2 mm diameter aperture were maintained during a 7 hour continuous run.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1305.019