Stella Jedrziewski Wawrynovic

This oral history was completed with Genevieve (Jenny) Williams about her older sister Stella Jedrziewski Wawrynovic, a 1940 graduate of Jefferson\u27s Nursing Training School. Stella Jedrziewski Wawrynovic was born in Osceola Mills, Pennsylvania to Polish immigrants. Her parents championed the importance of education for all of their children, and so when the oldest daughter Stella graduated from high school in 1936 she moved to Philadelphia to pursue a nursing degree at Jefferson\u27s Nursing School. She began her career at Jefferson before joining the Army during WWII to work as a nurse. After the war she returned to Jefferson, where she continued working until she married Frank Wawrynovic in 1949. Though she spent much of her remaining career working for her husband\u27s business, she was always proud of being a Jefferson nurse. Upon her death in 2013 the Stella Jedrziewski Wawrynovic, DN ’39 Scholarship was created to support Jefferson College of Nursing Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) students who demonstrate academic excellence.https://jdc.jefferson.edu/nursing_oral_histories/1000/thumbnail.jp

CROSS RECURRENCE QUANTIFICATION ANALYSIS OF INTER-LEG RELATIONS ACROSS THE GAIT TRANSITION

The aim of this study was to quantify characteristics of the deterministic properties of inter-leg movements over the gait transition. The purpose was to further understanding of the nonlinear characteristics of the gait of a healthy individual. A participant locomoted on a treadmill as the speed steadily increased from 0 to 18 km/h over a 120 s period. Position of the approximate center of rotation of the bilateral toe, ankle, knee and hip, were collected (CODAmotion; 100 Hz). The mathematical addition of the four markers representing the “free leg” in the direction of travel (x direction) provided the variables “left leg” and “right leg”. Each leg was embedded with a dimension of 3 and time lag of 18 points to create the Taken’s vector. Cross Recurrent Quantification Analysis (RQA) was then performed. Two distinct phases in the combined dynamics of the leg-leg system were observed, with lower determinism in the walking phase compared to running, separated by a clear, sharp transition. Results indicate that determinism in the cross dynamics of the two legs seems to play a role similar to an order parameter for the walk-run phase transition. This work increases our understanding of the nonlinear dynamics characteristics of the gait transition

Flexible Seating: Providing the Positive Learning Environment Students Need

Everything in the classroom has changed....except seating! Would it be challenging for you to sit in a desk for 7 hours a day? If you answered yes, then think about the ADHD, autistic, and all other students in today\u27s school setting. Many of them go home to continue sitting uncomfortably while completing hours of homework! Flexible seating in the classroom or at home gives students a choice in which type of seating works best for them. Being able to move while learning increases the oxygen to the brain, which in turn increases the blood flow; therefore, allowing more learning and retention to occur. We will share our overwhelmingly successful growth with differentiated seating, as well as student testimonials. Participants in the training session will be exposed to the different types of seating we use in our classroom and have the chance to enjoy them throughout the presentation. The Do It Yourself portion of our presentation will give educators and parents many wonderful ideas for starting flexible seating in their home or classroom. We are so excited that at the end of our time together, each participant will be able to make their own seating to jump start their journey to flexible seating and help a child in need of differentiation

Discrimination against Mothers is the Strongest Form of Workplace Gender Discrimination: Lessons from US Caregiver Discrimination Law

Work-family reconciliation is an integral part of labor law as the result of two major demographic changes: the rise of the two-earner family, and the pressing concern of elder care as Baby Boomers age. Despite these changes, most European and American workplaces still assume that the committed worker has a family life secured so that family responsibilities do not distract from work obligations. This way of organizing employment around a breadwinner husband and a caregiver housewife, which arose in the late eighteenth century, is severely outdated today. The result is workplace-workforce mismatch: Many employers still have workplaces perfectly designed for the workforce of 1960. Labour lawyers in Europe and the United States have developed different legal strategies to reduce the work-family conflicts that arise from this mismatch. The Europeans\u27 focus is on public policy, based on a European political tradition of communal social supports -- a tradition the United States lacks. Advocates in the United States, faced with the most family-hostile public policy in the developed world, have developed legal remedies based on the American political tradition of individualism, using anti-discrimination law to eliminate employment discrimination against mothers and other adults with caregiving responsibilities. This article explores both the social science documenting that motherhood is the strongest trigger for gender bias in the workplace and the American cases addressing family responsibilities discrimination

It’s all about time : Precision and accuracy of Emotiv event-marking for ERPD research

Background The use of consumer-grade electroencephalography (EEG) systems for research purposes has become more prevalent. In event-related potential (ERP) research, it is critical that these systems have precise and accurate timing. The aim of the current study was to investigate the timing reliability of event-marking solutions used with Emotiv commercial EEG systems. Method We conducted three experiments. In Experiment 1 we established a jitter threshold (i.e. the point at which jitter made an event-marking method unreliable). To do this, we introduced statistical noise to the temporal position of event-marks of a pre-existing ERP dataset (recorded with a research-grade system, Neuroscan SynAmps2 at 1,000 Hz using parallel-port event-marking) and calculated the level at which the waveform peaks differed statistically from the original waveform. In Experiment 2 we established a method to identify ‘true’ events (i.e. when an event should appear in the EEG data). We did this by inserting 1,000 events into Neuroscan data using a custom-built event-marking system, the ‘Airmarker’, which marks events by triggering voltage spikes in two EEG channels. We used the lag between Airmarker events and events generated by Neuroscan as a reference for comparisons in Experiment 3. In Experiment 3 we measured the precision and accuracy of three types of Emotiv event-marking by generating 1,000 events, 1 s apart. We measured precision as the variability (standard deviation in ms) of Emotiv events and accuracy as the mean difference between Emotiv events and true events. The three triggering methods we tested were: (1) Parallel-port-generated TTL triggers; (2) Arduino-generated TTL triggers; and (3) Serial-port triggers. In Methods 1 and 2 we used an auxiliary device, Emotiv Extender, to incorporate triggers into the EEG data. We tested these event-marking methods across three configurations of Emotiv EEG systems: (1) Emotiv EPOC+ sampling at 128 Hz; (2) Emotiv EPOC+ sampling at 256 Hz; and (3) Emotiv EPOC Flex sampling at 128 Hz. Results In Experiment 1 we found that the smaller P1 and N1 peaks were attenuated at lower levels of jitter relative to the larger P2 peak (21 ms, 16 ms, and 45 ms for P1, N1, and P2, respectively). In Experiment 2, we found an average lag of 30.96 ms for Airmarker events relative to Neuroscan events. In Experiment 3, we found some lag in all configurations. However, all configurations exhibited precision of less than a single sample, with serial-port-marking the most precise when paired with EPOC+ sampling at 256 Hz. Conclusion All Emotiv event-marking methods and configurations that we tested were precise enough for ERP research as the precision of each method would provide ERP waveforms statistically equivalent to a research-standard system. Though all systems exhibited some level of inaccuracy, researchers could easily account for these during data processing

Optimism and Pessimism in Children with Cancer and Healthy Children: Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Youth Life Orientation Test and Relations with Health-Related Quality of Life

Objective To test the measurement equivalence of the Youth Life Orientation Test (YLOT) in children with cancer (N = 199) and healthy controls (N = 108), and to examine optimism and pessimism as predictors of children\u27s health-related quality of life (HRQL). Methods Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to establish the two factor structure of the YLOT and to test for metric invariance. Results A two-factor structure for the YLOT was confirmed and found to be stable across our study groups. There were no differences in mean levels of optimism and pessimism between cancer patients and controls after controlling for race/ethnicity. Higher optimism was associated with lower self-reports of pain and better emotional/behavioral functioning, whereas pessimism was related to poorer mental health and general behavior, and greater impact on the family. Conclusions Optimism and pessimism appear to be differentially related to certain aspects of children\u27s HRQL, and should be investigated separately in relation to these outcomes

ACCURACY OF BODY MASS PREDICTION USING SEGMENTAL INERTIA PARAMETERS MODELLED FROM PHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGES

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy between the measured and predicted body mass, using the methods of Gittoes et al. (2009), and investigate the relationship between mass and stature and this accuracy. Fifteen male, recreational athletes from a university’s sporting population took part in the study. Measured whole-body masses were compared with predicted whole-body masses calculated using photographic dimensional data and an inertia model. Mean absolute error between measured and predicted whole-body mass was 5.42 ± 2.92 %. A strong, negative correlation between measured whole-body mass and relative % error (r = -0.80) and a normalising value and relative % error was found. It is suggested that for similar participants errors could be up to ± 10% for participants with body masses much greater or less than 71 kg or normalising values equating to 1230 Nm

DYNAMICS OF HANDSTAND BALANCE

The purpose of this study was to identify parameters that are associated with more successful motor control during handstand performance. For two groups of gymnasts, ‘less skilled’, who were able to hold handstands for 4 to 6s, and ‘more skilled’, who held handstands in excess of 10s, centre of mass (CoM) and centre of pressure (CoP) motion during the initial 3s of the handstand stability phase were analysed, as well as the 6 to 9s stabilised period for the more skilled gymnasts (balance phase). Time-space, time-frequency, CoM-CoP coherence, Hurst Exponent and CoM-CoP causality were investigated in anterior-posterior (AP) and medio-lateral (ML) directions. Characteristics of CoM and CoP for more and less skilled gymnasts were found to be directionally dependent (AP and ML). Nonlinear and frequency domain measures distinguished skill levels to a greater extent than time-space domain measures. The study findings shed light on the subtleties and complexities of the mechanics and dynamics that define CoM and CoP relations with increased skill level, that add to both basic and applied understanding

LIMIT CYCLE REPRESENTATION OF THE GYMNASTICS LONGSWING

Human movement science is searching for ways to capture global dynamics of our complex multi-segment system. The aim of this study was to explore differences in a limit cycle representation of longswings on high bar as a function of skill level. One elite international, one collegiate, and one novice gymnast performed four consecutive longswings on high bar. Through the novel representation of the longswing as a limit cycle, and exploration of the limit cycle characteristics, it is shown that higher frequency, more phase coherent oscillations, and lower limit cycle variability occurs as a function of skill level. It is suggested that this candidate collective variable be explored as a global indicator of skill level and learning that can provide insight into the efficiency of the mechanical system