Detection rate of FNA cytology in medullary thyroid carcinoma. a meta-analysis

Background: The early detection of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) can improve patient prognosis, because histological stage and patient age at diagnosis are highly relevant prognostic factors. As a consequence, delay in the diagnosis and/or incomplete surgical treatment should correlate with a poorer prognosis for patients. Few papers have evaluated the specific capability of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) to detect MTC, and small series have been reported. This study conducts a meta-analysis of published data on the diagnostic performance of FNAC in MTC to provide more robust estimates. Research Design and Methods: A comprehensive computer literature search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus databases was conducted by searching for the terms 'medullary thyroid' AND 'cytology', 'FNA', 'FNAB', 'FNAC', 'fine needle' or 'fine-needle'. The search was updated until 21 March 2014, and no language restrictions were used. Results: Fifteen relevant studies and 641 MTC lesions that had undergone FNAC were included. The detection rate (DR) of FNAC in patients with MTC (diagnosed as 'MTC' or 'suspicious for MTC') on a per lesion-based analysis ranged from 12·5% to 88·2%, with a pooled estimate of 56·4% (95% CI: 52·6-60·1%). The included studies were statistically heterogeneous in their estimates of DR (I-square >50%). Egger's regression intercept for DR pooling was 0·03 (95% CI: -3·1 to 3·2, P = 0·9). The study that reported the largest MTC series had a DR of 45%. Data on immunohistochemistry for calcitonin in diagnosing MTC were inconsistent for the meta-analysis. Conclusions: The presented meta-analysis demonstrates that FNAC is able to detect approximately one-half of MTC lesions. These findings suggest that other techniques may be needed in combination with FNAC to diagnose MTC and avoid false negative results. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

The prevalence of human papillomavirus–positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma at one of the largest tertiary care centers in Sub-Saharan Africa

Limited data exist on the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in sub-Saharan Africa. OBJECTIVE.—: To determine the prevalence of HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma at a large tertiary care center in South Africa.A total of 266 oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas diagnosed during an 11-year period (2007-2017) were selected for evaluation. Cases staining positive for p16 immunohistochemistry were evaluated for high-risk HPV using the BD Onclarity assay (BD Diagnostics, Sparks, Maryland)

Carbonate-silicate ratio for soil correction and influence on nutrition, biomass production and quality of palisade grass

Silicates can be used as soil correctives, with the advantage of being a source of silicon, a beneficial element to the grasses. However, high concentrations of silicon in the plant would affect the digestibility of the forage. To evaluate the influence of the substitution of the calcium carbonate by calcium silicate on the nutrition, biomass production and the feed quality of the palisade grass [Urochloa brizantha (C. Hochstetter ex A. Rich.) R. Webster], three greenhouse experiments were conducted in completely randomized designs with four replications. Experimental units (pots) contained a clayey dystrophic Rhodic Haplustox, a sandy clay loam dystrophic Typic Haplustox and a sandy loam dystrophic Typic Haplustox. Each soil received substitution proportions (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 %) of the carbonate by calcium silicate. The increase in the proportion of calcium silicate elevated the concentrations and accumulations of Si, Ca, Mg, and B, reduced Zn and did not alter P in the shoot of plants. The effects of the treatments on the other nutrients were influenced by the soil type. Inclusion of calcium silicate also increased the relative nutritional value and the digestibility and ingestion of the forage, while the concentration and accumulation of crude protein and the neutral detergent and acid detergent fibers decreased. Biomass production and feed quality of the palisade grass were generally higher with the 50 % calcium silicate treatment

Indications for thyroid FNA and pre-FNA requirements: A synopsis of the National Cancer Institute Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration State of the Science Conference

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) sponsored the NCI Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA) State of the Science Conference on October 22–23, 2007 in Bethesda, MD. The 2-day meeting was accompanied by a permanent informational website and several on-line discussions between May 1 and December 15, 2007 ( http://thyroidfna.cancer.gov ). This document summarizes the indications for performing an FNA of a nodule discovered by physical examination or an imaging study; the indications for using ultrasound versus palpation for guidance when performing a thyroid FNA; the issues surrounding informed consent for thyroid FNA; and the information required on a requisition form that accompanies a thyroid FNA specimen. ( http://thyroidfna.cancer.gov/pages/info/agenda/ ) Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:390–399. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/58658/1/20827_ftp.pd

Malignancy risk for solitary and multiple nodules in Hürthle cell–predominant thyroid fine‐needle aspirations: A multi‐institutional study

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153015/1/cncy22213.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153015/2/cncy22213_am.pd

PHOSPHITE AS PHOSPHORUS SOURCE TO GRAIN YIELD OF COMMON BEAN PLANTS GROWN IN SOILS UNDER LOW OR ADEQUATE PHOSPHATE AVAILABILITY

The effects of foliar and soil applied phosphite on grain yield in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown in a weathered soil under low and adequate phosphate availability were evaluated. In the first experiment, treatments were composed of a 2 x 7 + 2 factorial scheme, with 2 soil P levels supplied as phosphate (40 e 200 mg P dm(-3) soil), 7 soil P levels supplied as phosphite (0-100 mg P dm(-3) soil), and 2 additional treatments (without P supply in soil, and all P supplied as phosphite). In the second experiment, treatments were composed of a 2 x 3 x 2 factorial scheme, with 2 soil phosphate levels (40 e 200 mg P dm(-3) soil), combined with 3 nutrient sources applied via foliar sprays (potassium phosphite, potassium phosphate, and potassium chloride as a control), and 2 foliar application numbers (single and two application). Additional treatments showed that phosphite is not P source for common bean nutrition. Phosphite supply in soil increased the P content in shoot (at full physiological maturity stage) and grains, but at the same time considerably decreased grain yield, regardless of the soil phosphate availability. Foliar sprays of phosphite decreased grain yield in plants grown under low soil phosphate availability, but no effect was observed in plants grown under adequate soil phosphate availability. In general, foliar sprays of phosphate did not satisfactorily improve grain yield of the common bean plants grown under low soil phosphate availability.CNPq from BrazilCNPq from BrazilCAPES from BrazilCAPES from BrazilFAPEMIG from BrazilFAPEMIG from BrazilCNPqCNP

Diagnosis and Reporting of Follicular-Patterned Thyroid Lesions by Fine Needle Aspiration

Over the past 3 decades, fine needle aspiration (FNA) has developed as the most accurate and cost-effective initial method for guiding the clinical management of patients with thyroid nodules. Thyroid FNA specimens containing follicular-patterned lesions are the most commonly encountered and include various forms of benign thyroid nodules, follicular carcinomas, and the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Based primarily upon the cytoarchitectural pattern, FNA is used as a screening test for follicular-patterned lesions to identify the majority of patients with benign nodules who can be managed without surgical intervention. The terminology and reporting of thyroid FNA results have been problematic due to significant variation between laboratories, but the recent multidisciplinary NCI Thyroid FNA State of the Science Conference has provided a seven-tiered diagnostic solution. A key element of this approach is the category “atypical cells of undetermined significance” (ACUS) which is used for those aspirates which cannot be easily classified as benign, suspicious, or malignant. Lesions in this category represent approximately 3–6% of thyroid FNAs and have a risk of malignancy intermediate between the “benign” category and the “suspicious for a follicular neoplasm” category. The recommended follow-up for an ACUS diagnosis is clinical correlation and in most cases, repeat FNA sampling

Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies a paracrine interaction that may drive oncogenic notch signaling in human adenoid cystic carcinoma

Salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare, biologically unique biphasic tumor that consists of malignant myoepithelial and luminal cells. MYB and Notch signaling have been implicated in ACC pathophysiology, but in vivo descriptions of these two programs in human tumors and investigation into their active coordination remain incomplete. We utilize single-cell RNA sequencing to profile human head and neck ACC, including a comparison of primary ACC with a matched local recurrence. We define expression heterogeneity in these rare tumors, uncovering diversity in myoepithelial and luminal cell expression. We find differential expression of Notch ligands DLL1, JAG1, and JAG2 in myoepithelial cells, suggesting a paracrine interaction that may support oncogenic Notch signaling. We validate this selective expression in three published cohorts of patients with ACC. Our data provide a potential explanation for the biphasic nature of low- and intermediate-grade ACC and may help direct new therapeutic strategies against these tumors

Effect of phosphite supply in nutrient solution on yield, phosphorus nutrition and enzymatic behavior in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants

Abstract Aim of this study was to (i) understand the phosphite action used as P source on growth and grain yield, (ii) measure P concentration and accumulation in shoot and root, and (iii) evaluate enzymatic behaviour in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants grown in nutrient solution under phosphate starvation. Experimental design was completely randomised with 7 levels of phosphite (0, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 and 512 µM) and 2 levels of phosphate (80 and 800 µM, corresponding to phosphate-starved plants and phosphatesufficient plants, respectively) in nutrient solution. Common bean plants were evaluated at 2 different growth stages: flowering and mature grain stages. For plants harvested at the mature grain stage, two more treatments (additional treatments) were added: -P = no P supply in nutrient solution; and +Phi = all the P (800 µM) from nutrient solution was supplied only as Phi. This study revealed that growth and grain yield in plants grown under phosphate starvation presented negative repercussions on these parameters, in which treatments with 64, 128, 256 and 512 µM of phosphite resulted in no-filled grains. Concentration and accumulation of P in shoot and root of phosphate-starved plants was increased with increasing phosphite levels in nutrient solution, but this additional P concentration did not convert into grain yield. The phosphite application in phosphate-starved plants promoted a decrease in acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.4.1) activity, while catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) activity was increased up to 32 µM of phosphite and was reduced at higher levels of phosphite