Emulsification of Water and of Ammonium Chloride Solutions by Means of Lamp Black.

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The Glass Transition in a Dense 2D Colloidal Fluid

In this paper a new experimental setup for analyzing the glass phenomenon in two dimensions is presented. Each component of the setup is discussed, as well as some relevant background on glasses, lipid bilayers and vesicles, resolution, and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. The experimental protocol is then discussed with specific focus on vesicle formation and filtering, bilayer formation, and glass cleaning. Each prepared sample of small unilamelar vesicles adhered to a supported lipid bilayer was captured for two thousand frames and these frames were analyzed with the Trackpy particle tracking package for Python in order to find the ensemble mean squared displacement of each sample. This was used to determine the viscosity, with a measured viscosity of 4.04 Pa s for a 0.2% biotin surface, and 7.18 Pa s for a 0.5% biotin surface. Finally, possible directions for future work are given

Financial liberalization, market discipline and bank risk

In the literature on systemic banking crises, two common themes are: (1) Risky lending often follows bank liberalization. (2) Lack of market discipline encourages risky lending. That not all liberalizations are followed by financial crisis and that financial systems without market discipline sometimes operate without incident invites examination of these themes. In a test of six countries, we find that our measure of bank risk increases significantly in the wake of financial liberalizations, but only where depositors fail to discipline banks. Our measures of market discipline and bank risk, however, are persistently inversely related

When does financial liberalization make banks risky? : an empirical examination of Argentina, Canada and Mexico

In the literature on systemic banking crises, two common themes are: (1) lack of market discipline encourages risky lending and (2) financial liberalization or privatization lead to risky lending. However, there is evidence to suggest that neither financial liberalization nor weak market discipline always precedes risky lending. We test for depositor discipline and, separately for post-liberalization or post-privatization risky lending in Argentina, Canada, and Mexico. In the countries without market discipline, lending risk increases significantly in the wake of liberalization. Where depositors discipline banks, banks neither behave riskily nor does their risk increase in the wake of privatization. ; Economic Research Working Paper 9905Banks and banking - Argentina ; Banks and banking - Canada ; Banks and banking - Mexico ; Financial crises

Observations on the Zinc Electrode.

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Plumage convergence in Picoides woodpeckers based on a molecular phylogeny, with emphasis on convergence in downy and hairy woodpeckers

Adult and juvenile plumage characters were traced onto a well-resolved molecular based phylogeny for Picoides woodpeckers, and a simple phylogenetic test of homology, parallelism, and convergence of plumage characters was performed. Reconstruction of ancestral character states revealed multiple events of independent evolution of derived character states in most characters studied, and a concentrated changes test revealed that some plumage characters evolved in association with habitat type. For example, there was a statistically significant association between loss of dorsal barring and use of densely vegetated habitats among Picoides species. Two analyses indicated that convergence, as opposed to parallel evolution or shared ancestry, underlies the similarity in plumage patterns between the Downy (Picoides pubescens) and Hairy (P. villosus) Woodpeckers. Possible causal explanations for convergence in plumage patterns may include mimicry and interspecific territoriality

Passive Wireless Vibration Sensing for Measuring Aerospace Structural Flutter

To reduce energy consumption, emissions, and noise, NASA is exploring the use of high aspect ratio wings on subsonic aircraft. Because high aspect ratio wings are susceptible to flutter events, NASA is also investigating methods of flutter detection and suppression. In support of that work a new remote, non-contact method for measuring flutter-induced vibrations has been developed. The new sensing scheme utilizes a microwave reflectometer to monitor the reflected response from an aeroelastic structure to ultimately characterize structural vibrations. To demonstrate the ability of microwaves to detect flutter vibrations, a carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite panel was vibrated at various frequencies from 1Hz to 130Hz. The reflectometer response was found to closely resemble the sinusoidal response as measured with an accelerometer up to 100 Hz. The data presented demonstrate that microwaves can be used to measure flutter-induced aircraft vibrations

Information Security and U.S. Libraries

Today the word data usually denotes something associated with computers; in its more classical sense, it is another word for information

Measurement of Sub Degree Angular Carbon Fiber Tow Misalignment

NASA is investigating the use of carbon fiber tow steering to tune aeroelastic characteristics in advanced composite structures. In support of that effort, NASA is also investigating methods of measuring the angle of carbon fiber tows as they are placed. This work presents the results of using microwave reflectometry in the approximately 2 GHz region to measure carbon fiber tow angles at 0.1deg resolution