The Evolution of the Cello Endpin and Its Effect on Technique and Repertoire

This document investigates how the concept of a lifting device has evolved into the modern endpin that is a now a standard part of the cello. The endpin has a unique history that, prior to this writing, has not yet been fully documented. The evolution of the endpin has caused significant changes to cello technique, as its use, or lack of, alters the basic posture and setup of the instrument on the cellist’s body. Written and iconographic evidence show that endpins and other lifting devices have been used throughout all eras of the cello’s history. There are many instances when an observable change in the repertoire can be traced to technical developments made possible by changing the lifting device, thereby affecting posture of the cellist. There are four main sections in this document. The first (Chapter 2: Construction) establishes the definition of the cello endpin and how this concept has changed throughout history. This includes the description of a wide variety of materials and devices have been used to make endpins. The second section (Chapter 3: Usage) looks at when endpins and other lifting devices have or have not been used. There was no standard method of holding the cello until the mid-eighteenth century, when the position of holding the cello off the floor with both legs was adopted by almost all cellists. Eventually, endpins grew to be preferred because they enhance acoustic properties of the cello and facilitate more advanced techniques. The third section (Chapter 4: Technique) examines the evolution of cello technique and performance posture from the perspective of the endpin. Each stage in this evolution has allowed for increased efficiency while reducing tension throughout the body. This culminates in the final section (Chapter 5: Repertoire) which discusses the ways in which these technical developments affected compositions for the cello. Two appendices follow the document that detail my reactions to and experiments with different endpins and associated postures. The first appendix discusses my perceptions of acoustic changes made on my cello by trying endpins described in Chapter 2: Construction. The second addresses my experiments with the postures and setups discussed in Chapter 4: Technique, giving my reactions to technical benefits and disadvantages created in each instance. Advisor: Gregory Beave

Evolution from few- to many-body physics in one-dimensional Fermi systems: One- and two-body density matrices, and particle-partition entanglement

We study the evolution from few- to many-body physics of fermionic systems in one spatial dimension with attractive pairwise interactions. We determine the detailed form of the momentum distribution, the structure of the one-body density matrix, and the pairing properties encoded in the two-body density matrix. From the low- and high-momentum scaling behavior of the single-particle momentum distribution we estimate the speed of sound and Tan's contact, respectively. Both quantities are found to be in agreement with previous calculations. Based on our calculations of the one-body density matrices, we also present results for the particle-partition entanglement entropy, for which we find a logarithmic dependence on the total particle number.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures, published versio

Surmounting the sign problem in non-relativistic calculations: a case study with mass-imbalanced fermions

The calculation of the ground state and thermodynamics of mass-imbalanced Fermi systems is a challenging many-body problem. Even in one spatial dimension, analytic solutions are limited to special configurations and numerical progress with standard Monte Carlo approaches is hindered by the sign problem. The focus of the present work is on the further development of methods to study imbalanced systems in a fully non-perturbative fashion. We report our calculations of the ground-state energy of mass-imbalanced fermions using two different approaches which are also very popular in the context of the theory of the strong interaction (Quantum Chromodynamics, QCD): (a) the hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm with imaginary mass imbalance, followed by an analytic continuation to the real axis; and (b) the Complex Langevin algorithm. We cover a range of on-site interaction strengths that includes strongly attractive as well as strongly repulsive cases which we verify with non-perturbative renormalization group methods and perturbation theory. Our findings indicate that, for strong repulsive couplings, the energy starts to flatten out, implying interesting consequences for short-range and high-frequency correlation functions. Overall, our results clearly indicate that the Complex Langevin approach is very versatile and works very well for imbalanced Fermi gases with both attractive and repulsive interactions.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure

Pioneer III News Release

No abstract availabl

Minimally Invasive Surgery for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer

Background: Reduction in operative trauma along with an improvement in endoscopic access has undoubtedly occupied surgical minds for at least the past 3 decades. It is not at all surprising that minimally invasive colon surgery has come a long way since the first laparoscopic appendectomy by Semm in 1981. It is common knowledge that the recent developments in video and robotic technologies have significantly furthered advancements in laparoscopic and minimally invasive surgery. This has led to the overall acceptance of the treatment of benign colorectal pathology via the endoscopic route. Malignant disease, however, is still primarily treated by conventional approaches. Methods and Results: This review article is based on a literature search pertaining to advances in minimally invasive colorectal surgery for the treatment of malignant pathology, as well as on personal experience in the field over the same period of time. Our search was limited to level I and II clinical papers only, according to the evidence-based medicine guidelines. We attempted to present our unbiased view on the subject relying only on the evidence available. Conclusion: Focusing on advances in colorectal minimally invasive surgery, it has to be stated that there are still a number of unanswered questions regarding the surgical management of malignant diseases with this approach. These questions do not only relate to the area of boundaries set for the use of minimally invasive techniques in this field but also to the exact modality best suited to the treatment of every particular case whilst maintaining state-of-the-art oncological principles. (C) 2016 S. Karger GmbH, Freibur

Domain specific software architectures: Command and control

GTE is the Command and Control contractor for the Domain Specific Software Architectures program. The objective of this program is to develop and demonstrate an architecture-driven, component-based capability for the automated generation of command and control (C2) applications. Such a capability will significantly reduce the cost of C2 applications development and will lead to improved system quality and reliability through the use of proven architectures and components. A major focus of GTE's approach is the automated generation of application components in particular subdomains. Our initial work in this area has concentrated in the message handling subdomain; we have defined and prototyped an approach that can automate one of the most software-intensive parts of C2 systems development. This paper provides an overview of the GTE team's DSSA approach and then presents our work on automated support for message processing

FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2: Impacts on Global Operational Forecasting and Future Architectures With a SmallSat Constellation

The Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate-2 (COSMIC-2) is a mission partnership between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the Taiwan Space Agency (TASA) and the US Space Force (USSF). The mission consists of a constellation of six smallsats with a primary Global Navigation Satellite System Radio Occultation (GNSS-RO) payload, which provides observations of the Earth\u27s neutral atmosphere and ionosphere. These observations are delivered in real-time to operational weather and space weather prediction centers across the globe. Since launching in 2019, observations from COSMIC-2 have been making a significant impact on global numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems. The mission has shown positive impacts on weather forecast accuracy and tropical cyclogenesis (hurricane/typhoon) prediction. On the space weather side, COSMIC-2 is providing essential information about ionospheric conditions at latencies that no other mission provides. In addition, COSMIC-2 employs a forward-looking ground system, consisting of stations operated by domestic agencies, foreign partners, and commercial Ground Stations as a Service (GSaaS). This architecture provides extremely good latency for products, has developed processes that have benefitted other NOAA missions, and can serve as a framework for future ground system enterprises. COSMIC-2 has shown itself to be an asset to the global weather and space weather community raised the profile of the value of RO at large. It has produced new types of observations and pushed ground architecture forward. It is a hallmark for the impact that small, less expensive constellations can have in global operational systems

Fosilni les Carapoxylon iz spodnjemiocenskih plasti pri Komendi

Pieces of fossil wood were discovered near Komenda from the Lower Miocene beds. According to microscopic wood anatomy it corresponds to the family Meliaceae and to the genus Carapoxylon. This is the first identification of Miocene hardwood from Slovenia. Fossil woods of genus Carapoxylon are most common in the Ottnangian to Badenian period in central Europe (North Alpine Molasse Basin). The nearest living relatives of Carapoxylon belong to genus Carapa, Xylocarpus and Entandrophragma

Parents' dental anxiety and oral health literacy: effects on parents' and children's oral health‐related experiences

Objective To explore a) the relationship between parents'/guardians' dental anxiety and oral health literacy and b) those between these variables and background and oral health‐related characteristics. Methods Survey data were collected from 187 parents/guardians (81% female; average age 37 years). Dental anxiety was measured with the Dental Anxiety Scale – Revised ( DAS ‐ R ) and oral health literacy with the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry ( REALD ‐30). Children's dental charts were reviewed to collect information about their dental treatment. Results DAS ‐ R and REALD ‐30 scores were correlated ( r  = −0.22; P  = 0.003). A multivariate regression model with DAS ‐ R score as the dependent variable showed that the DAS ‐ R score has a significant multivariate association with REALD ‐30, oral health, income, and presence of fillings. Conclusions Dental anxiety and oral health literacy are related. However, DAS score has a significant multivariate association with the four variables REALD ‐30 score, oral health, income, and presence of fillings. These findings show that among socioeconomically disadvantaged patients, the contributors to poor oral health are interrelated and multidetermined and include poor oral health literacy and dental anxiety. The public health message is that in order to improve the overall oral health of socioeconomically disadvantaged patients, public health stakeholders need to consider how to communicate with these patients effectively and how to reduce dental anxiety. Gaining a better understanding of how to communicate with parents a) at an appropriate literacy level and b) in a way that it reduces dental anxiety is therefore crucial.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/108635/1/jphd12046.pd