Observations sur les maladies des végétaux et particulièrement sur celle de la vigne pendant les années 1846 à 1853 : présentées à la Société impériale d'horticulture du Rhône dans sa séance du 8 septembre 1853 et à la Commission de la maladie de la vigne dans la séance de décembre de la même année / par C.-Fortuné Willermoz,...

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Annotated checklist of the megachilid bees of Corsica (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae)

Corsica stands as one of the largest Mediterranean Islands and has been the exploration ground for renowned entomologists like Charles Ferton. However, no synthesis on Corsican bees has been published so far. To fill this gap in knowledge, we propose an overview of the megachilid bee fauna of the island based on fieldwork, a thorough examination of material housed at the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (MNHN, Paris), data compilation from various collections and a comprehensive review of existing literature. We reviewed 5,886 specimens and we extracted 279 additional data from literature sources. These data confirm the presence in Corsica of 91 species of which two are endemic, including Hoplitis corsaria (Warncke, 1991) which is elevated to species rank stat. nov. One new synonymy is established: Megachile lucidifrons Ferton, syn. nov. of Megachile albocristata Smith, 1853. The presence in Corsica of 19 species is regarded as dubious or erroneous. Finally, the types of Megachilid bees housed at MNHN and described based on Corsican material are illustrated. Lectotypes are designated for Megachile sicula var. corsica Benoist, 1935, Osmia corsica Ferton, 1901, Osmia erythrogastra Ferton, 1905, Osmia lanosa Pérez, 1879, and Osmia lineola Pérez, 1895

Needs for large mass prototypic corium experiments the PLINIUS-2 platform

International audienceCorium is the molten material formed after meltdown of a nuclear reactor core during a severe accident. In order to improve the understanding and modelling of corium behavior, experiments are needed both for LWRs and GenIV fast reactors. Experiments using low temperature simulant materials, thanks to lower costs and constraints, allow the testing of a larger number of configurations and the determination of correlations. But some crucial corium phenomena cannot be reproduced at low temperatures such as the importance of radiation heat transfer or the presence of a large (up to 1000 K) liquidus-solidus interval. Consequently, some experiments are performed with high temperature simulant materials alumina thermite as well as refractory oxides. However, it is not feasible to simulate all the aspects of corium phenomenology, especially its high temperature physico-chemistry. Therefore, even though the use of depleted uranium implies a series of protective and regulatory measures, the need for prototypic corium experimented is supported through several examples Another important aspect of experiment design deals with scaling. Small or medium scale corium experiments are easier to operate and only a few large scale (>100 kg) facilities have been built. Several effects are only visible with significant masses, as for instance, the formation of a corium cake during FCI or all the phenomena controlled by crust strength, such as underwater spreading or corium jet ablation. CEA is currently designing a new large prototypic corium platform PLINIUS-2 for both LWR and SFR corium experimental research. Its main characteristics will be presented

Perspectives pour la R&D sur le corium

Le corium est le mélange des matériaux fondus du cœur du réacteur qui se forme lors d’un accident grave. Pour respecter les objectifs de sûreté exigés pour ces accidents avec fusion du cœur, il est nécessaire de prédire la progression de ce corium durant la séquence accidentelle : relocalisation dans le fond de cuve, percée de la cuve, interaction corium-eau puis corium-béton dans le cas d’un réacteur à eau. Les approches et outils utilisés nécessitent une R&D de très haute expertise. Une des difficultés de cette R&D réside dans la complexité de la physique requise. Elle est essentiellement multiphasique, et multi-échelle. En outre, les expérimentations nécessitent de porter des matériaux à de très hautes températures et requièrent des technologies de pointe dans plusieurs domaines comme la chimie, l’électromagnétisme ou encore l’instrumentation

Development of a multi-physics calculation platform dedicated to irradiation devices in a material testing reactor

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