296 research outputs found
Spectral correlations : understanding oscillatory contributions
We give a different derivation of a relation obtained using a supersymmetric nonlinear sigma model by Andreev and Altshuler [Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 902 (1995)], which connects smooth and oscillatory components of spectral correlation functions. We show that their result is not specific to the random matrix theory. Also, we show that despite an apparent contradiction, the results obtained using their formula are consistent with earlier perspectives on random matrix models
Spectral Statistics: From Disordered to Chaotic Systems
The relation between disordered and chaotic systems is investigated. It is
obtained by identifying the diffusion operator of the disordered systems with
the Perron-Frobenius operator in the general case. This association enables us
to extend results obtained in the diffusive regime to general chaotic systems.
In particular, the two--point level density correlator and the structure factor
for general chaotic systems are calculated and characterized. The behavior of
the structure factor around the Heisenberg time is quantitatively described in
terms of short periodic orbits.Comment: uuencoded file with 1 eps figure, 4 page
Semiclassical Field Theory Approach to Quantum Chaos
We construct a field theory to describe energy averaged quantum statistical
properties of systems which are chaotic in their classical limit. An expression
for the generating function of general statistical correlators is presented in
the form of a functional supermatrix nonlinear -model where the
effective action involves the evolution operator of the classical dynamics.
Low-lying degrees of freedom of the field theory are shown to reflect the
irreversible classical dynamics describing relaxation of phase space
distributions. The validity of this approach is investigated over a wide range
of energy scales. As well as recovering the universal long-time behavior
characteristic of random matrix ensembles, this approach accounts correctly for
the short-time limit yielding results which agree with the diagonal
approximation of periodic orbit theory.Comment: uuencoded file, 21 pages, latex, one eps figur
Local Charge Excesses in Metallic Alloys: a Local Field Coherent Potential Approximation Theory
Electronic structure calculations performed on very large supercells have
shown that the local charge excesses in metallic alloys are related through
simple linear relations to the local electrostatic field resulting from
distribution of charges in the whole crystal.
By including local external fields in the single site Coherent Potential
Approximation theory, we develop a novel theoretical scheme in which the local
charge excesses for random alloys can be obtained as the responses to local
external fields. Our model maintains all the computational advantages of a
single site theory but allows for full charge relaxation at the impurity sites.
Through applications to CuPd and CuZn alloys, we find that, as a general rule,
non linear charge rearrangements occur at the impurity site as a consequence of
the complex phenomena related with the electronic screening of the external
potential. This nothwithstanding, we observe that linear relations hold between
charge excesses and external potentials, in quantitative agreement with the
mentioned supercell calculations, and well beyond the limits of linearity for
any other site property.Comment: 11 pages, 1 table, 7 figure
"Level Curvature" Distribution for Diffusive Aharonov-Bohm Systems: analytical results
We calculate analytically the distributions of "level curvatures" (LC) (the
second derivatives of eigenvalues with respect to a magnetic flux) for a
particle moving in a white-noise random potential.
We find that the Zakrzewski-Delande conjecture is still valid even if the
lowest weak localization corrections are taken into account. The ratio of mean
level curvature modulus to mean dissipative conductance is proved to be
universal and equal to in agreement with available numerical data.Comment: 12 pages. Submitted to Phys.Rev.
Diffusion of electrons in random magnetic fields,
Diffusion of electrons in a two-dimensional system in static random magnetic
fields is studied by solving the time-dependent Schr\"{o}dinger equation
numerically. The asymptotic behaviors of the second moment of the wave packets
and the temporal auto-correlation function in such systems are investigated. It
is shown that, in the region away from the band edge, the growth of the
variance of the wave packets turns out to be diffusive, whereas the exponents
for the power-law decay of the temporal auto- correlation function suggest a
kind of fractal structure in the energy spectrum and in the wave functions. The
present results are consistent with the interpretation that the states away
from the band edge region are critical.Comment: 22 pages (8 figures will be mailed if requested), LaTeX, to appear in
Phys. Rev.
BioClimate: a Science Gateway for Climate Change and Biodiversity research in the EUBrazilCloudConnect project
[EN] Climate and biodiversity systems are closely linked across a wide range of scales. To better understand the mutual interaction between climate change and biodiversity there is a strong need for multidisciplinary skills, scientific tools, and access to a large variety of heterogeneous, often distributed, data sources. Related to that, the EUBrazilCloudConnect project provides a user-oriented research environment built on top of a federated cloud infrastructure across Europe and Brazil, to serve key needs in different scientific domains, which is validated through a set of use cases. Among them, the most data-centric one is focused on climate change and biodiversity research. As part of this use case, the BioClimate Science Gateway has been implemented to provide end-users transparent
access to (i) a highly integrated user-friendly environment, (ii) a large variety of data sources, and (iii) different analytics & visualization tools to serve a large spectrum of users needs and requirements. This paper presents a complete overview of BioClimate and the related scientific environment, in particular its Science Gateway, delivered to the end-user community at the end of the project.This work was supported by the EU FP7 EUBrazilCloudConnect Project (Grant Agreement 614048), and CNPq/Brazil (Grant Agreement no 490115/2013-6).Fiore, S.; Elia, D.; Blanquer Espert, I.; Brasileiro, FV.; Nuzzo, A.; Nassisi, P.; Rufino, LAA.... (2019). BioClimate: a Science Gateway for Climate Change and Biodiversity research in the EUBrazilCloudConnect project. Future Generation Computer Systems. 94:895-909. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2017.11.034S8959099
Why does fertilization reduce plant species diversity? Testing three competition-based hypotheses
1 Plant species diversity drops when fertilizer is added or productivity increases. To explain this, the total competition hypothesis predicts that competition above ground and below ground both become more important, leading to more competitive exclusion, whereas the light competition hypothesis predicts that a shift from below-ground to above-ground competition has a similar effect. The density hypothesis predicts that more above-ground competition leads to mortality of small individuals of all species, and thus a random loss of species from plots. 2 Fertilizer was added to old field plots to manipulate both below-ground and above-ground resources, while shadecloth was used to manipulate above-ground resources alone in tests of these hypotheses. 3 Fertilizer decreased both ramet density and species diversity, and the effect remained significant when density was added as a covariate. Density effects explained only a small part of the drop in diversity with fertilizer. 4 Shadecloth and fertilizer reduced light by the same amount, but only fertilizer reduced diversity. Light alone did not control diversity, as the light competition hypothesis would have predicted, but the combination of above-ground and below-ground competition caused competitive exclusion, consistent with the total competition hypothesis.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75695/1/j.1365-2745.2001.00662.x.pd
Search for a W' boson decaying to a bottom quark and a top quark in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV
Results are presented from a search for a W' boson using a dataset
corresponding to 5.0 inverse femtobarns of integrated luminosity collected
during 2011 by the CMS experiment at the LHC in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV.
The W' boson is modeled as a heavy W boson, but different scenarios for the
couplings to fermions are considered, involving both left-handed and
right-handed chiral projections of the fermions, as well as an arbitrary
mixture of the two. The search is performed in the decay channel W' to t b,
leading to a final state signature with a single lepton (e, mu), missing
transverse energy, and jets, at least one of which is tagged as a b-jet. A W'
boson that couples to fermions with the same coupling constant as the W, but to
the right-handed rather than left-handed chiral projections, is excluded for
masses below 1.85 TeV at the 95% confidence level. For the first time using LHC
data, constraints on the W' gauge coupling for a set of left- and right-handed
coupling combinations have been placed. These results represent a significant
improvement over previously published limits.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters B. Replaced with version publishe
Measurement of the Lambda(b) cross section and the anti-Lambda(b) to Lambda(b) ratio with Lambda(b) to J/Psi Lambda decays in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV
The Lambda(b) differential production cross section and the cross section
ratio anti-Lambda(b)/Lambda(b) are measured as functions of transverse momentum
pt(Lambda(b)) and rapidity abs(y(Lambda(b))) in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7
TeV using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The measurements are
based on Lambda(b) decays reconstructed in the exclusive final state J/Psi
Lambda, with the subsequent decays J/Psi to an opposite-sign muon pair and
Lambda to proton pion, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated
luminosity of 1.9 inverse femtobarns. The product of the cross section times
the branching ratio for Lambda(b) to J/Psi Lambda versus pt(Lambda(b)) falls
faster than that of b mesons. The measured value of the cross section times the
branching ratio for pt(Lambda(b)) > 10 GeV and abs(y(Lambda(b))) < 2.0 is 1.06
+/- 0.06 +/- 0.12 nb, and the integrated cross section ratio for
anti-Lambda(b)/Lambda(b) is 1.02 +/- 0.07 +/- 0.09, where the uncertainties are
statistical and systematic, respectively.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters
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