Total Hemocytes, Glucose Hemolymph, and Production Performance of Spiny Lobster Panulirus Homarus Cultured in the Individual Compartments System

Cannibalism can cause high mortality in a lobster culture. To prevent cannibalism, an artificial shel-ter is needed like the individual compartments system (ICS) to ensure that there is no contact bet-ween lobsters. This study aimed to evaluate the application of ICS on total hemocytes glucose hemo-lymph, production performance, and determine the shape of more effective ICS to minimize stress level of lobster. The treatments used for various application shape of ICS was tubular ICS, triangle ICS, square ICS, and shelter PVC pipes as control. Lobster maintenance was conducted in outdoor for 60 days. The results indicated that physiological responses with square ICS treatment were more effective to reduce stress level compared with other treatments (p<0.05). Application of ICS was more optimal to improved SR (p<0.05) and growth of lobster (p>0.05). Overall, treatment of square ICS was opti-mal related to production performance i.e. SR 88.89±5.24%, SGR 0.61±0.49%/day, with harvest size of total length 137.31±8.11 mm/ind, weight 58.83±4.78 g/ind, and FCR 22.71±1.72. Application of ICS in lobster culture was effective to reduce stress level as indicated from total hemocytes and gluco-se hemolymph, and support optimal production performance. Lobster culture using a square ICS sha-pe was effective to minimize stress level, compared with tubular ICS and triangle ICS

POTENCY OF VIBRIO ISOLATES FOR BIOCONTROL OF VIBRIOSIS IN TIGER SHRIMP (PENAEUS MONODON) LARVAE

This study was carried out to obtain Vibrio isolates able to function as biocontrol of vibriosis in shrimp hatchery. Thirty one Vibrio isolates were isolated from tiger shrimp larvae and hatchery environments, i.e. Labuan, Pangandaran, and Lampung, Indonesia. Pathogenic  V. harveyi MR5339 was obtained from Maros, South-Sulawesi and was made as a rifampicin resistant mutant (RFR) to screen for those 31 Vibrio isolates in in vitro assays and to allow us to monitor their presence in shrimp larvae and larval rearing water. Almost all Vibrio  isolates could inhibit the growth of pathogenic V. harveyi MR5339 RFR. SKT-b isolate from Skeletonema was the most effective to inhibit the growth of V. harveyi MR5339 Rf* and significantly reduced larval mortality in pathogen challenge assays. These prospective biocontrol bacteria, at concentration of 10" CFU/ml, did not show pathogenicity to shrimp larvae. SKT-b was Gram negative, short rod-shape, exhibited yellow colonies on TCBS and swarming on SWC-agar media, motile, utilized glucose and sucrose but not lactose: produced extra-cellular protease and amylase, but did not produce chitmase. Partial sequencing of 16S-rRNA gene SKT-b showed SKT-b similarity to Vibrio alginofyticus. Keywords: shrimp larvae / biocontrol bacteria / vibriosis

Potency of Vibrio Isolates for Biocontrol of Vibriosis in Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus Monodon) Larvae

This study was carried out to obtain Vibrio isolates able to function as biocontrol of vibriosis in shrimp hatchery. Thirty one Vibrio isolates were isolated from tiger shrimp larvae and hatchery environments, i.e. Labuan, Pangandaran, and Lampung, Indonesia. Pathogenic V. harveyi MR5339 was obtained from Maros, South-Sulawesi and was made as a rifampicin resistant mutant (RFR) to screen for those 31 Vibrio isolates in in vitro assays and to allow us to monitor their presence in shrimp larvae and larval rearing water. Almost all Vibrio isolates could inhibit the growth of pathogenic V. harveyi MR5339 RFR. SKT-b isolate from Skeletonema was the most effective to inhibit the growth of V. harveyi MR5339 Rf* and significantly reduced larval mortality in pathogen challenge assays. These prospective biocontrol bacteria, at concentration of 10" CFU/ml, did not show pathogenicity to shrimp larvae. SKT-b was Gram negative, short rod-shape, exhibited yellow colonies on TCBS and swarming on SWC-agar media, motile, utilized glucose and sucrose but not lactose: produced extra-cellular protease and amylase, but did not produce chitmase. Partial sequencing of 16S-rRNA gene SKT-b showed SKT-b similarity to Vibrio alginofyticus

Evaluation of Microbial Floc and Microalgae Spirulina Platensis Combination for Juvenile Cobia Rachycentron Canadum Diets on Growth and Physiological Responses After Immersion in Freshwater

In marine aquaculture, immersing marine fish species in fresh water can remove ectoparasite that adhere to all over the fish body. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of combining microbial floc and microalgae Spirulina platensis in juvenile cobia diet on growth performance and stress responses after immersion in aerated fresh water for 15 minutes. The fishes were reared in concrete tanks for 40 days before collecting data on their growth performance. The stress response was determined by mea-suring both glucose and cortisol levels before (0 h) and after (1, 2, 4, 6, 24 hours) immersion. The fish-es fed on the 15% of combining microbial flock and microalgae Spirulina platensis diet showed the highest growth rate with the lowest feed conversion ratio compared to other treatments. The cortisol level of juvenile cobia in both the 15% and 30% combination of microbial floc and microalgae Spiru-lina platensis treatments did not increase during the first hour following the immersion compared to the control treatment. The glucose level also increased after one hour immersion in freshwater of all treatments. This indicated that feeding juvenile cobia on microbial flocs and microalgae diets had a retarding effect on the physiological responses (cortisol and glucose) after immersion in fresh water

Reusing of Organic Waste from Tubifex sp. Substrate in nature

This study was conducted to determine whether organic waste from the substrate of Tubifex sp. can be used as inoculants to produce them through culture.   Substrate used was the mix of mud and chicken manure by ratio of 1:1, placed on the container 80×20×15 cm, water elevation 2 cm, and water debit 300 ml/min.  Inoculants number was ranged from 57 to 60 Tubifex sp. per container. The length of Tubifex sp. body was ranged from 0.9 to 3.5 cm and an individual mean weight of 2.78 mg.   Organic waste applied was 500 g, 1000 g, and 1500 g.  Rearing was performed for 50 days.  During experiment chicken manure of 0.075 g/m2 was added into culture every day.  The results of study showed that higher population of Tubifex sp. (174,227 tails/m2; 413.7 gram wet weight) was obtained by using 1000 g of organic waste.  Thus, organic waste derived from the substrate of Tubifex sp. from the nature can be reused to culture Tubifex sp. at the controlled container. Keywords: Tubifex, organic waste, population   ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah limbah organik sisa hasil penangkapan cacing sutera dari alam dapat digunakan sebagai inokulan untuk memproduksi cacing sutera melalui kegiatan budidaya.  Substrat yang digunakan berupa campuran lumpur dan kotoran ayam dengan perbandingan komposisi masing-masing 1:1, ditempatkan dalam wadah berukuran 80×20×15 cm, debit air 300 ml/menit/wadah, dan tinggi air 2 cm.   Jumlah cacing yang ditebar antara 57 - 60 ekor, panjang cacing 0,9 - 3,5 cm, dengan bobot individu rata-rata 2,78 mg. Limbah organik sebagai inokulan awal cacing sutera masing-masing seberat 500 g, 1.000 g dan 1.500 g. Pemeliharaan dilakukan selama 50 hari.  Selama pemeliharaan dilakukan pemupukan menggunakan kotoran ayam sebanyak 0,075 g/m2 setiap hari.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi cacing tertinggi diperoleh dengan menggunakan limbah organik sebanyak 1.000 gram (174.227 ekor/m2; 413,7 g).  Dengan demikian, limbah organik substrat cacing sutera dari alam dapat digunakan kembali untuk budidaya cacing di wadah terkontrol. Kata kunci: Tubifex, limbah organik, populas

Respons Imun dan Kinerja Pertumbuhan Ikan Lele, Clarias Gariepinus (Burchell 1822) pada Budi Daya Sistem Bioflok dengan Sumber Karbon Berbeda Serta Diinfeksi Aeromonas Hydrophila

Salah satu penyakit yang sering menyerang ikan lele adalah Motil Aeromonad Septicemia yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi respon imun dan kinerja pertumbuhan ikan lele yang dibudidayakan pada sistem bioflok dengan sumber karbon yang berbeda serta diinfeksi oleh A. hydrophila. Peneli- tian dilakukan selama 30 hari, menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap yang terdiri atas lima perlakuan dengan tiga ulangan yaitu penambahan sumber karbon molase (A), tepung tapioka (B), tepung terigu (C), kontrol positif (D), dan kontrol negatif (E). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa respon imun seperti total eritrosit, hematokrit, kadar hemoglo- bin, jumlah leukosit, aktivitas fagositosis, dan ledakan pernapasan pada perlakuan molase (A), tepung tapioka (B), dan tepung terigu (C) menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik daripada kontrol. Sumber karbon molase, tapioka, dan terigu mampu meningkatkan total bakteri dan menekan pertumbuhan A. hydrophila di air dan organ ikan lele. Kinerja pertum- buhan ikan lele di sistem bioflok dengan sumber karbon tepung tapioka memberikan laju pertumbuhan harian yang le- bih tinggi dan berbeda nyata (P <0,05) dibandingkan kontrol. Sistem bioflok dengan sumber karbon molase, tapioka, dan terigu dapat menurunkan nisbah konversi pakan dan meningkatkan retensi protein. Retensi lemak dalam sistem bio- flok dengan sumber karbon molase menunjukkan hasil tertinggi. Penambahan sumber karbon molase, tapioka, dan teri- gu dalam sistem bioflok dapat menurunkan kelimpahan A. hydrophila dan meningkatkan respon imun dan kinerja per- tumbuhan ikan lele