The effects of unilateral dominant knee extensors fatigue on non-exercised contralateral and ipsilateral elbow and plantar flexors

The field of non-local muscle fatigue (NLMF) is a relatively young one. However, key factors and trends regarding methodologies and possible mechanisms are starting to be identified. Controlling for factors such as particular muscle groups selected, fatiguing protocols utilized, and participant factors such as age, sex, and training status are starting to illuminate the neurological, biological, biomechanical, and psychological contributions to NLMF effects. To date, this is the first investigation of ipsilateral and contralateral upper and lower body muscle groups following unilateral lower body fatigue that the investigators are aware of. The present study investigated the effects of exercise-induced knee extensor fatigue on force output and electromyography (EMG) activity of both, the ipsilateral and contralateral, non-exercised elbow and plantar flexors. Twelve participants (six females, six males) attended six testing sessions: i) fatigue-ipsilateral plantar flexor (PF), ii) control-ipsilateral PF, iii) fatigue-ipsilateral elbow flexor (EF), iv) control- ipsilateral EF, v) fatigue-contralateral PF, or vi) fatigue-contralateral EF. The non-fatigued muscle groups were assessed with maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) and normalized electromyographic (EMG) activity prior to and immediately post the intervention as well as during a repeated MVC protocol of twelve repeated MVCs at a work to rest ratio of 5/10 s. Ipsilateral EF MVC strength and endurance decreased following dominant KE fatigue as evidenced by a decrease in both MVC force immediately post- fatigue intervention and FI across the repeated MVC protocol. There were no significant differences in PF force or EMG or EF EMG immediately post-test or during the repeated MVC protocol. This study strengthens current theories which suggest that upper body muscle groups are more susceptible to NLMF effects following lower body fatigue and postulates that fast twitch (EF) predominant muscles are more susceptible to NLMF effects than are slow twitch (PF) predominant muscles

The Grizzly, February 7, 1986

Refrigerators are Still a Hot Issue • Bridge Reopens • Nursing Homes: Investigation II • Letters: Controversial Issue has no Basis; Space Shuttle: Tragedy Turned Spectacle; Times are Changing • USGA Election Candidates • Mer Chicks Take Two • Mermen Drown W. Maryland • Bears No. 2 in MAC • Lady Bears Thrash Haverford • Gymnasts Take Bryn Mawr • A Tough Job Gets Recognition • Track Team Impressive at Widener • Lab Manual to be Rewritten • Open Dialog: Women Ministers • Coulter Chosen MVPhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1156/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, February 14, 1986

Eckman Speaks on Corporate Takeovers • Students to Lose Booze? • Alcohol Restrictions Plague Neighboring Campuses • Campus Memo: Get and Stay Involved • Proposal Raises Serious Questions • Students Speak Out On Alcohol • Profile: Dr. Fago • Editorial: Drug Use Could Fill Vacuum • Letters: UC. Should Get Out of the Business; Alpha Chi Sigma Needs Support; Sauna Controversy Heats up; Fire Alarms are not Toys!; False Alarm Jeopardized Safety • Nursing Homes Part III: MCGRC\u27s Sordid Past • Bears Face Widener in the Big Game • Racich Praises Grapplers • Lady Swimmers Top Susquehanna • Women\u27s B-ball Finale • Confident \u27Mers\u27 Win Again • Track Records Set at Delaware • Heather Camp: Swimming\u27s Leading Lady • Forum: Human Rights in Latin America • Wenhold Awarded for Service • Ursinus in California • U.S. Trade Policy • A Peek at U.C.\u27s Favorite TVhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1157/thumbnail.jp

The R-Process Alliance: The Peculiar Chemical Abundance Pattern of RAVE J183013.5-455510

We report on the spectroscopic analysis of RAVE J183013.5-455510, an extremely metal-poor star, highly enhanced in CNO, and with discernible contributions from the rapid neutron-capture process. There is no evidence of binarity for this object. At [Fe/H]=-3.57, this is one of the lowest metallicity stars currently observed, with 18 measured abundances of neutron-capture elements. The presence of Ba, La, and Ce abundances above the Solar System r-process predictions suggest that there must have been a non-standard source of r-process elements operating at such low metallicities. One plausible explanation is that this enhancement originates from material ejected at unusually fast velocities in a neutron star merger event. We also explore the possibility that the neutron-capture elements were produced during the evolution and explosion of a rotating massive star. In addition, based on comparisons with yields from zero-metallicity faint supernova, we speculate that RAVE J1830-4555 was formed from a gas cloud pre-enriched by both progenitor types. From analysis based on Gaia DR2 measurements, we show that this star has orbital properties similar to the Galactic metal-weak thick-disk stellar population.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap

In-roads to the spread of antibiotic resistance: regional patterns of microbial transmission in northern coastal Ecuador

The evolution of antibiotic resistance (AR) increases treatment cost and probability of failure, threatening human health worldwide. The relative importance of individual antibiotic use, environmental transmission and rates of introduction of resistant bacteria in explaining community AR patterns is poorly understood. Evaluating their relative importance requires studying a region where they vary. The construction of a new road in a previously roadless area of northern coastal Ecuador provides a valuable natural experiment to study how changes in the social and natural environment affect the epidemiology of resistant Escherichia coli. We conducted seven bi-annual 15 day surveys of AR between 2003 and 2008 in 21 villages. Resistance to both ampicillin and sulphamethoxazole was the most frequently observed profile, based on antibiogram tests of seven antibiotics from 2210 samples. The prevalence of enteric bacteria with this resistance pair in the less remote communities was 80 per cent higher than in more remote communities (OR = 1.8 [1.3, 2.3]). This pattern could not be explained with data on individual antibiotic use. We used a transmission model to help explain this observed discrepancy. The model analysis suggests that both transmission and the rate of introduction of resistant bacteria into communities may contribute to the observed regional scale AR patterns, and that village-level antibiotic use rate determines which of these two factors predominate. While usually conceived as a main effect on individual risk, antibiotic use rate is revealed in this analysis as an effect modifier with regard to community-level risk of resistance

Decision tools in health care: focus on the problem, not the solution

BACKGROUND: Systematic reviews or randomised-controlled trials usually help to establish the effectiveness of drugs and other health technologies, but are rarely sufficient by themselves to ensure actual clinical use of the technology. The process from innovation to routine clinical use is complex. Numerous computerised decision support systems (DSS) have been developed, but many fail to be taken up into actual use. Some developers construct technologically advanced systems with little relevance to the real world. Others did not determine whether a clinical need exists. With NHS investing £5 billion in computer systems, also occurring in other countries, there is an urgent need to shift from a technology-driven approach to one that identifies and employs the most cost-effective method to manage knowledge, regardless of the technology. The generic term, 'decision tool' (DT), is therefore suggested to demonstrate that these aids, which seem different technically, are conceptually the same from a clinical viewpoint. DISCUSSION: Many computerised DSSs failed for various reasons, for example, they were not based on best available knowledge; there was insufficient emphasis on their need for high quality clinical data; their development was technology-led; or evaluation methods were misapplied. We argue that DSSs and other computer-based, paper-based and even mechanical decision aids are members of a wider family of decision tools. A DT is an active knowledge resource that uses patient data to generate case specific advice, which supports decision making about individual patients by health professionals, the patients themselves or others concerned about them. The identification of DTs as a consistent and important category of health technology should encourage the sharing of lessons between DT developers and users and reduce the frequency of decision tool projects focusing only on technology. The focus of evaluation should become more clinical, with the impact of computer-based DTs being evaluated against other computer, paper- or mechanical tools, to identify the most cost effective tool for each clinical problem. SUMMARY: We suggested the generic term 'decision tool' to demonstrate that decision-making aids, such as computerised DSSs, paper algorithms, and reminders are conceptually the same, so the methods to evaluate them should be the same

Home Telehealth Uptake and Continued Use Among Heart Failure and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients: a Systematic Review

Background Home telehealth has the potential to benefit heart failure (HF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, however large-scale deployment is yet to be achieved. Purpose The aim of this review was to assess levels of uptake of home telehealth by patients with HF and COPD and the factors that determine whether patients do or do not accept and continue to use telehealth. Methods This research performs a narrative synthesis of the results from included studies. Results Thirty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies that reported rates of refusal and/or withdrawal found that almost one third of patients who were offered telehealth refused and one fifth of participants who did accept later abandoned telehealth. Seven barriers to, and nine facilitators of, home telehealth use were identified. Conclusions Research reports need to provide more details regarding telehealth refusal and abandonment, in order to understand the reasons why patients decide not to use telehealth

Longitudinal double-spin asymmetry and cross section for inclusive neutral pion production at midrapidity in polarized proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 200 GeV

We report a measurement of the longitudinal double-spin asymmetry A_LL and the differential cross section for inclusive Pi0 production at midrapidity in polarized proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 200 GeV. The cross section was measured over a transverse momentum range of 1 < p_T < 17 GeV/c and found to be in good agreement with a next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculation. The longitudinal double-spin asymmetry was measured in the range of 3.7 < p_T < 11 GeV/c and excludes a maximal positive gluon polarization in the proton. The mean transverse momentum fraction of Pi0's in their parent jets was found to be around 0.7 for electromagnetically triggered events.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. D (RC

High pTp_{T} non-photonic electron production in pp+pp collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 200 GeV

We present the measurement of non-photonic electron production at high transverse momentum ($p_T >$ 2.5 GeV/$c$) in $p$ + $p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 200 GeV using data recorded during 2005 and 2008 by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The measured cross-sections from the two runs are consistent with each other despite a large difference in photonic background levels due to different detector configurations. We compare the measured non-photonic electron cross-sections with previously published RHIC data and pQCD calculations. Using the relative contributions of B and D mesons to non-photonic electrons, we determine the integrated cross sections of electrons ($\frac{e^++e^-}{2}$) at 3 GeV/$c < p_T <~$10 GeV/$c$ from bottom and charm meson decays to be ${d\sigma_{(B\to e)+(B\to D \to e)} \over dy_e}|_{y_e=0}$ = 4.0$\pm0.5$({\rm stat.})$\pm1.1$({\rm syst.}) nb and ${d\sigma_{D\to e} \over dy_e}|_{y_e=0}$ = 6.2$\pm0.7$({\rm stat.})$\pm1.5$({\rm syst.}) nb, respectively.Comment: 17 pages, 17 figure

Evolution of the differential transverse momentum correlation function with centrality in Au+Au collisions at sNN=200\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200 GeV

We present first measurements of the evolution of the differential transverse momentum correlation function, {\it C}, with collision centrality in Au+Au interactions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ GeV. {\it C} exhibits a strong dependence on collision centrality that is qualitatively similar to that of number correlations previously reported. We use the observed longitudinal broadening of the near-side peak of {\it C} with increasing centrality to estimate the ratio of the shear viscosity to entropy density, $\eta/s$, of the matter formed in central Au+Au interactions. We obtain an upper limit estimate of $\eta/s$ that suggests that the produced medium has a small viscosity per unit entropy.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, STAR paper published in Phys. Lett.