666 research outputs found
The influence of optimism, social support and anxiety on aggression in a sample of dermatology patients. An analysis of cross-sectional data.
Background: Individuals with visible skin conditions often experience stigmatisation and discrimination. This may trigger maladaptive responses such as feelings of anger and hostility with negative consequences to social interactions and relationships.
Objectives: The present study aimed to identify psychosocial factors contributing to aggression levels in dermatology patients.
Methods: Data was obtained from ninety-one participants recruited from out-patient clinics in the north of England, UK. This study used dermatology specific data extracted from a large UK database of medical conditions collected by the Appearance Research Collaboration (ARC). This study looked at the impact of optimism (LOT-R), perceptions of social support (SFSSQ) social acceptance, fear of negative Evaluation (FNE), appearance concern (CARVAL/CARSAL), appearance discrepancy PADQ), social comparison (INCOMM) and wellbeing (HADS) on aggression levels (RAQ) in a sample of dermatology patients.
Results: In order to assess the relationship between variables, a hierarchical regression analysis was performed. Dispositional style (optimism) was shown to have a strong negative relationship with aggression (ÎČ = -0.37 t =-2.97 p = 0.004). Higher levels of perceived social support were significantly associated with lower levels of aggression (ÎČ = -0.258 t = -2.26 p = 0.02). Anxiety was also found to have a significant positive relationship with aggression (ÎČ = 0.356, t = 2.564, p = 0.01).
Conclusions: The study provides evidence for the importance of perceived social support and optimism in psychological adjustment to skin conditions. Psychosocial interventions provided to dermatology patients might need to address aggression levels and seek to enhance social support and the ability to be optimistic
Spatially resolved dusty torus toward the red supergiant WOH G64 in the Large Magellanic Cloud
We present N-band spectro-interferometric observations of the red supergiant
WOH G64 in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) using MIDI at the Very Large
Telescope Interferometer (VLTI). The location of WOH G64 on the H-R diagram
based on the previously estimated luminosities is in serious disagreement with
the current stellar evolution theory. The dust envelope around WOH G64 has been
spatially resolved with a baseline of ~60 m--the first MIDI observations to
resolve an individual stellar source in an extragalactic system. The observed
N-band visibilities show a slight decrease from 8 to 10 micron and a gradual
increase longward of 10 micron, reflecting the 10 micron silicate feature in
self-absorption. The visibilities measured at four position angles differing by
~60 degrees but at approximately the same baseline length (~60 m) do not show a
noticeable difference, suggesting that the object appears nearly
centrosymmetric. The observed N-band visibilities and spectral energy
distribution can be reproduced by an optically and geometrically thick silicate
torus model viewed close to pole-on. The luminosity of the central star is
derived to be 2.8 x 10^5 Lsun, which is by a factor of 2 lower than the
previous estimates based on spherical models. The lower luminosity newly
derived from our MIDI observations and two-dimensional modeling brings the
location of WOH G64 on the H-R diagram in much better agreement with
theoretical evolutionary tracks for a 25 Msun star. We also identify the H2O
absorption features at 2.7 and 6 micron in the spectra obtained with the
Infrared Space Observatory and the Spitzer Space Telescope. The 2.7 micron
feature originates in the photosphere and/or the extended molecular layers,
while the 6 micron feature is likely to be of circumstellar origin.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in A&
Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory
A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding
eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers
with zenith angles greater than detected with the Pierre Auger
Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum
confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above
eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law with
index followed by
a smooth suppression region. For the energy () at which the
spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence
of suppression, we find
eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
A search for point sources of EeV photons
Measurements of air showers made using the hybrid technique developed with
the fluorescence and surface detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory allow a
sensitive search for point sources of EeV photons anywhere in the exposed sky.
A multivariate analysis reduces the background of hadronic cosmic rays. The
search is sensitive to a declination band from -85{\deg} to +20{\deg}, in an
energy range from 10^17.3 eV to 10^18.5 eV. No photon point source has been
detected. An upper limit on the photon flux has been derived for every
direction. The mean value of the energy flux limit that results from this,
assuming a photon spectral index of -2, is 0.06 eV cm^-2 s^-1, and no celestial
direction exceeds 0.25 eV cm^-2 s^-1. These upper limits constrain scenarios in
which EeV cosmic ray protons are emitted by non-transient sources in the
Galaxy.Comment: 28 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical
Journa
Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory
The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger
Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers.
These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of
the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray
energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30
to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of
the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is
determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated
using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due
to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components.
The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of
the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the
AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air
shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy
-- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy
estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the
surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator
scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent
emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for
the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at
least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
Reconstruction of inclined air showers detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory
We describe the method devised to reconstruct inclined cosmic-ray air showers
with zenith angles greater than detected with the surface array of
the Pierre Auger Observatory. The measured signals at the ground level are
fitted to muon density distributions predicted with atmospheric cascade models
to obtain the relative shower size as an overall normalization parameter. The
method is evaluated using simulated showers to test its performance. The energy
of the cosmic rays is calibrated using a sub-sample of events reconstructed
with both the fluorescence and surface array techniques. The reconstruction
method described here provides the basis of complementary analyses including an
independent measurement of the energy spectrum of ultra-high energy cosmic rays
using very inclined events collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: 27 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in Journal of
Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics (JCAP
Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy
We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio
emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate
energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of
15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV
arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling
quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from
state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our
measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric
energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with
our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector
against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI.
Supplemental material in the ancillary file
The Pierre Auger Observatory: Contributions to the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2015)
Contributions of the Pierre Auger Collaboration to the 34th International
Cosmic Ray Conference, 30 July - 6 August 2015, The Hague, The NetherlandsComment: 24 proceedings, the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference, 30 July
- 6 August 2015, The Hague, The Netherlands; will appear in PoS(ICRC2015
Observation of associated near-side and away-side long-range correlations in âsNN=5.02ââTeV proton-lead collisions with the ATLAS detector
Two-particle correlations in relative azimuthal angle (ÎÏ) and pseudorapidity (Îη) are measured in âsNN=5.02ââTeV p+Pb collisions using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements are performed using approximately 1ââÎŒb-1 of data as a function of transverse momentum (pT) and the transverse energy (ÎŁETPb) summed over 3.1<η<4.9 in the direction of the Pb beam. The correlation function, constructed from charged particles, exhibits a long-range (2<|Îη|<5) ânear-sideâ (ÎÏâŒ0) correlation that grows rapidly with increasing ÎŁETPb. A long-range âaway-sideâ (ÎÏâŒÏ) correlation, obtained by subtracting the expected contributions from recoiling dijets and other sources estimated using events with small ÎŁETPb, is found to match the near-side correlation in magnitude, shape (in Îη and ÎÏ) and ÎŁETPb dependence. The resultant ÎÏ correlation is approximately symmetric about Ï/2, and is consistent with a dominant cosâĄ2ÎÏ modulation for all ÎŁETPb ranges and particle pT
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