3 research outputs found
Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Progranulin derivative Atsttrin protects against early osteoarthritis in mouse and rat models
showing expression of PGRN in cartilage at different ages, assayed by immunohistochemistr
Additional file 2: Figure S2. of Progranulin derivative Atsttrin protects against early osteoarthritis in mouse and rat models
showing quantification of OARSI score based on Safranin O staining for PBS, PGRN, or Atsttrin-treated ACLT mice (DOCX 56 kb
Real-world variability in the prediction of intracranial aneurysm wall shear stress: The 2015 International Aneurysm CFD Challenge
Purpose—Image-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
is widely used to predict intracranial aneurysm wall shear
stress (WSS), particularly with the goal of improving rupture
risk assessment. Nevertheless, concern has been expressed
over the variability of predicted WSS and inconsistent
associations with rupture. Previous challenges, and studies
from individual groups, have focused on individual aspects of
the image-based CFD pipeline. The aim of this Challenge
was to quantify the total variability of the whole pipeline.
Methods—3D rotational angiography image volumes of five
middle cerebral artery aneurysms were provided to participants,
who were free to choose their segmentation methods,
boundary conditions, and CFD solver and settings. Participants
were asked to fill out a questionnaire about their
solution strategies and experience with aneurysm CFD, and
provide surface distributions of WSS magnitude, from which
we objectively derived a variety of hemodynamic parameters.
Results—A total of 28 datasets were submitted, from 26
teams with varying levels of self-assessed experience. Wide
variability of segmentations, CFD model extents, and inflow
rates resulted in interquartile ranges of sac average WSS up
to 56%, which reduced to < 30% after normalizing by
parent artery WSS. Sac-maximum WSS and low shear area
were more variable, while rank-ordering of cases by low or
high shear showed only modest consensus among teams.
Experience was not a significant predictor of variability.
Conclusions—Wide variability exists in the prediction of
intracranial aneurysm WSS. While segmentation and CFD
solver techniques may be difficult to standardize across
groups, our findings suggest that some of the variability in
image-based CFD could be reduced by establishing guidelines for model extents, inflow rates, and blood properties, and
by encouraging the reporting of normalized hemodynamic
parameters