150 research outputs found
Self-supervised Multi-view Stereo via Effective Co-Segmentation and Data-Augmentation
Recent studies have witnessed that self-supervised methods based on view
synthesis obtain clear progress on multi-view stereo (MVS). However, existing
methods rely on the assumption that the corresponding points among different
views share the same color, which may not always be true in practice. This may
lead to unreliable self-supervised signal and harm the final reconstruction
performance. To address the issue, we propose a framework integrated with more
reliable supervision guided by semantic co-segmentation and data-augmentation.
Specially, we excavate mutual semantic from multi-view images to guide the
semantic consistency. And we devise effective data-augmentation mechanism which
ensures the transformation robustness by treating the prediction of regular
samples as pseudo ground truth to regularize the prediction of augmented
samples. Experimental results on DTU dataset show that our proposed methods
achieve the state-of-the-art performance among unsupervised methods, and even
compete on par with supervised methods. Furthermore, extensive experiments on
Tanks&Temples dataset demonstrate the effective generalization ability of the
proposed method.Comment: This paper is accepted by AAAI-21 with a Distinguished Paper Awar
Photometry of Variable Stars from THU-NAOC Transient Survey I: The First 2 Years
In this paper, we report the detections of stellar variabilities from the
first 2-year observations of sky area of about 1300 square degrees from the
Tsinghua University-NAOC Transient Survey (TNTS). A total of 1237 variable
stars (including 299 new ones) were detected with brightness < 18.0 mag and
magnitude variation >= 0.1 mag on a timescale from a few hours to few hundred
days. Among such detections, we tentatively identified 661 RR Lyrae stars, 431
binaries, 72 Semiregular pulsators, 29 Mira stars, 11 slow irregular variables,
11 RS Canum Venaticorum stars, 7 Gamma Doradus stars, 5 long period variables,
3 W Virginis stars, 3 Delta Scuti stars, 2 Anomalous Cepheids, 1 Cepheid, and 1
nove-like star based on their time-series variability index Js and their phased
diagrams. Moreover, we found that 14 RR Lyrae stars show the Blazhko effect and
67 contact eclipsing binaries exhibit the O'Connell effect. Since the period
and amplitude of light variations of RR Lyrae variables depend on their
chemical compositions, their photometric observations can be used to
investigate distribution of metallicity along the direction perpendicular to
the Galactic disk. We find that the metallicity of RR Lyrae stars shows large
scatter at regions closer to the Galactic plane (e.g., -3.0 < [Fe/H] < 0) but
tends to converge at [Fe/H]~ -1.7 at larger Galactic latitudes. This variation
may be related to that the RRAB Lyrae stars in the Galactic halo come from
globular clusters with different metallicity and vertical distances, i.e. OoI
and OoII populations, favoring for the dual-halo model.Comment: 18 pages, 19 figures, published in AJ, 150, 10
The quality difference in five oolong tea accessions under different planting management patterns in south Fujian of China
IntroductionOolong tea, celebrated for its significance in Chinese tea culture, was the subject of investigation in this study.MethodsFive varieties of Minnan oolong tea were sampled, each cultivated under two distinct management approaches: conventional management and natural growth methods. The study aimed to discern variations in sensory attributes, encompassing appearance and liquor color, alongside the analysis of chemical composition.Results and discussionThe results indicated that oolong tea cultivated through conventional manual management generally exhibited qualities in terms of shape and foliage appearance, in contrast to those grown naturally. However, naturally grown oolong tea tended to exhibit more favorable aroma and taste profiles compared to conventionally managed counterparts. Furthermore, the content of water extract, amino acids, polyphenols, caffeine, and other pivotal chemical constituents were typically higher in naturally grown tea varieties compared to conventionally managed ones. Conversely, catechin content was found to be more abundant in traditionally managed bushes than in those grown naturally. These findings emphasize the significance of implementing appropriate natural growth management practices to enhance the quality of Minnan oolong tea and maintain ecological sustainability
Reasoning before Comparison: LLM-Enhanced Semantic Similarity Metrics for Domain Specialized Text Analysis
In this study, we leverage LLM to enhance the semantic analysis and develop
similarity metrics for texts, addressing the limitations of traditional
unsupervised NLP metrics like ROUGE and BLEU. We develop a framework where LLMs
such as GPT-4 are employed for zero-shot text identification and label
generation for radiology reports, where the labels are then used as
measurements for text similarity. By testing the proposed framework on the
MIMIC data, we find that GPT-4 generated labels can significantly improve the
semantic similarity assessment, with scores more closely aligned with clinical
ground truth than traditional NLP metrics. Our work demonstrates the
possibility of conducting semantic analysis of the text data using
semi-quantitative reasoning results by the LLMs for highly specialized domains.
While the framework is implemented for radiology report similarity analysis,
its concept can be extended to other specialized domains as well
Perioperative immunotherapy for stage II-III non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis base on randomized controlled trials
BackgroundIn recent years, we have observed the pivotal role of immunotherapy in improving survival for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the effectiveness of immunotherapy in the perioperative (neoadjuvant + adjuvant) treatment of resectable NSCLC remains uncertain. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of its antitumor efficacy and adverse effects (AEs) by pooling data from the KEYNOTE-671, NADIM II, and AEGEAN clinical trials.MethodsFor eligible studies, we searched seven databases. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) pertaining to the comparative analysis of combination neoadjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy plus perioperative immunotherapy (PIO) versus perioperative placebo (PP) were included. Primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS). Secondary endpoints encompassed drug responses, AEs, and surgical outcomes.ResultsThree RCTs (KEYNOTE-671, NADIM II, and AEGEAN) were included in the final analysis. PIO group (neoadjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy plus perioperative immunotherapy) exhibited superior efficacy in OS (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.63 [0.49-0.81]), EFS (HR: 0.61 [0.52, 0.72]), objective response rate (risk ratio [RR]: 2.21 [1.91, 2.54]), pathological complete response (RR: 4.36 [3.04, 6.25]), major pathological response (RR: 2.79 [2.25, 3.46]), R0 resection rate (RR: 1.13 [1.00, 1.26]) and rate of adjuvant treatment (RR: 1.08 [1.01, 1.15]) compared with PP group (neoadjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy plus perioperative placebo). In the subgroup analysis, EFS tended to favor the PIO group in almost all subgroups. BMI (>25), T stage (IV), N stage (N1-N2) and pathological response (with pathological complete response) were favorable factors in the PIO group. In the safety assessment, the PIO group exhibited higher rates of serious AEs (28.96% vs. 23.51%) and AEs leading to treatment discontinuation (12.84% vs. 5.81%). Meanwhile, although total adverse events, grade 3-5 adverse events, and fatal adverse events tended to favor the PP group, the differences were not statistically significant.ConclusionPIO appears to be superior to PP for resectable stage II-III NSCLC, demonstrating enhanced survival and pathological responses. However, its elevated adverse event (AE) rate warrants careful consideration.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#recordDetails, identifier CRD42023487475
Metagenomics-based exploration of key soil microorganisms contributing to continuously planted Casuarina equisetifolia growth inhibition and their interactions with soil nutrient transformation
Casuarina equisetifolia (C. equisetifolia) is an economically important forest tree species, often cultivated in continuous monoculture as a coastal protection forest. Continuous planting has gradually affected growth and severely restricted the sustainable development of the C. equisetifolia industry. In this study, we analyzed the effects of continuous planting on C. equisetifolia growth and explored the rhizosphere soil microecological mechanism from a metagenomic perspective. The results showed that continuous planting resulted in dwarfing, shorter root length, and reduced C. equisetifolia seedling root system. Metagenomics analysis showed that 10 key characteristic microorganisms, mainly Actinoallomurus, Actinomadura, and Mycobacterium, were responsible for continuously planted C. equisetifolia trees. Quantitative analysis showed that the number of microorganisms in these three genera decreased significantly with the increase of continuous planting. Gene function analysis showed that continuous planting led to the weakening of the environmental information processing-signal transduction ability of soil characteristic microorganisms, and the decrease of C. equisetifolia trees against stress. Reduced capacity for metabolism, genetic information processing-replication and repair resulted in reduced microbial propagation and reduced microbial quantity in the rhizosphere soil of C. equisetifolia trees. Secondly, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, lipid metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins were all significantly reduced, resulting in a decrease in the ability of the soil to synthesize and metabolize carbon and nitrogen. These reduced capacities further led to reduced soil microbial quantity, microbial carbon and nitrogen, microbial respiration intensity, reduced soil enzyme nutrient cycling and resistance-related enzyme activities, a significant reduction in available nutrient content of rhizosphere soils, a reduction in the ion exchange capacity, and an impediment to C. equisetifolia growth. This study provides an important basis for the management of continuously planted C. equisetifolia plantations
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