Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Abraximorpha davidii (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Tagiadinae)

Taxonomic status and phylogenetic position of some skippers within Hesperiidae remains a controversial issue, here, we sequenced and analyzed the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Abraximorpha davidii, one of species in Hesperiidae. This mitogenome is 15,469 bp long and encodes 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and two ribosomal RNA unit genes (rRNAs). The overall base composition of the mitogenome is A 40.2%, T 41.4%, C 11.2%, and G 7.2%, with a high A + T content of 81.6%. Except for cox1 starting with CGA, all other PCGs start with the standard ATN codons (seven ATG and five ATT). Most of the PCGs terminate with the stop codon TAA, whereas cox1, cox2, nad5, and nad4 end with the incomplete codon T−. Phylogenetic analysis showed that A. davidii is closely related to Daimio tethys and Tagiades vajuna, then this clade clusters Ctenoptilum vasava and Celaenorrhinus maculosa

Phylogenetic relationship and characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Colias fieldii (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea: Pieridae)

Colias fieldii is a common seen diurnal butterflies in the fields and widely distributed in many provinces of China. In this study, we sequenced and analyzed the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of C. fieldii. This mitogenome was 15,150 bp long and encoded 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and two ribosomal RNA unit genes (rRNAs). The overall base composition of the mitogenome was estimated to be A 39.8%, T 41.2%, C 11.4% and G 7.6%, with a high A + T content of 81.0%. Except for cox1 started with CGA, all other PCGs started with the standard ATN codons (seven ATG, four ATT and one ATC). Most of the PCGs terminated with the stop codon TAA or TAG, whereas cox1, cox2, nad5 and nad4 end with the incomplete codon T––. Phylogenetic analysis showed that C. fieldii is indeed the sister species of Colias erate with a high support value. All seven Coliadinae species formed one clade and was sister to Pierinae butterflies. Within Coliadinae, the relationships (Eurema + (Gonepteryx + (Catopsilia + Colias))) were highly supported

Preparation of Fe-HMOR with a Preferential Iron Location in the 12-MR Channels for Dimethyl Ether Carbonylation

As the Brønsted acid sites in the 8-membered ring (8-MR) of mordenite (MOR) are reported to be the active center for dimethyl ether (DME) carbonylation reaction, it is of great importance to selectively increase the Brønsted acid amount in the 8-MR. Herein, a series of Fe-HMOR was prepared through one-pot hydrothermal synthesis by adding the EDTA–Fe complex into the gel. By combining XRD, FTIR, UV–Vis, Raman and XPS, it was found that the Fe atoms selectively substituted for the Al atoms in the 12-MR channels because of the large size of the EDTA–Fe complex. The NH3-TPD and Py-IR results showed that with the increase in Fe addition from Fe/Si = 0 to 0.02, the Brønsted acid sites derived from Si-OH-Al in the 8-MR first increased and then decreased, with the maximum at Fe/Si = 0.01. The Fe-modified MOR with Fe/Si = 0.01 showed the highest activity in DME carbonylation, which was three times that of HMOR. The TG/DTG results indicated that the carbon deposition and heavy coke formation in the spent Fe-HMOR catalysts were inhibited due to Fe addition. This work provides a practical way to design a catalyst with enhanced catalytic performance