Real-Variable Theory for New Herz-Type Hardy Spaces Associated with Ball Quasi-Banach Function Spaces

Let $X$ be a ball quasi-Banach function space, $\alpha\in \mathbb{R}$ and $q\in(0,\infty)$. In this paper, the authors first introduce the new Herz-type Hardy spaces $\mathcal{H\dot{K}}_{X}^{\alpha,\,q}({\mathbb {R}}^n)$ and $\mathcal{HK}_{X}^{\alpha,\,q}({\mathbb {R}}^n)$ associated with ball quasi-Banach function space $X$, via the non-tangential grand maximal function. Then, under some mild assumptions on $X$, the authors establish the real-variable theory for $\mathcal{H\dot{K}}_{X}^{\alpha,\,q}({\mathbb {R}}^n)$ and $\mathcal{HK}_{X}^{\alpha,\,q}({\mathbb {R}}^n)$, in terms of maximal function characterizations, atomic and molecular decompositions, and obtain the boundedness of some sublinear operators from $\mathcal{H\dot{K}}_{X}^{\alpha,\,q}({\mathbb {R}}^n)$ to $\mathcal{\dot{K}}_{X}^{\alpha,\,q}({\mathbb {R}}^n)$ and from $\mathcal{HK}_{X}^{\alpha,\,q}({\mathbb {R}}^n)$ to $\mathcal{K}_{X}^{\alpha,\,q}({\mathbb {R}}^n)$. As appliccations, we give two concrete function spaces which are members of Herz-type Hardy spaces associated with ball quasi-Banach function spaces.Comment: 37 pages, submitte

Measurement of Mercury in Flue Gas Based on an Aluminum Matrix Sorbent

The measurement of total mercury in flue gas based on an economical aluminum matrix sorbent was developed in this paper. A sorbent trap consisted of three tubes was employed to capture Hg from flue gas. Hg trapped on sorbent was transferred into solution by acid leaching and then detected by CVAAS. Hg adsorbed on sorbent was recovered completely by leaching process. The 87.7% recovery of Hg in flue gas by tube 1 and tube 2 was obtained on the equipment of coal combustion and sampling in lab. In order to evaluate the ability to recover and accurately quantify Hg0 on the sorbent media, the analytical bias test on tube 3 spiked with Hg0 was also performed and got the average recovery of 97.1%. Mercury measurements based on this method were conducted for three coal-fired power plants in China. The mercury in coal is distributed into bottom ash, electrostatic precipitator (ESP) ash, wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) reactant, and flue gas, and the relative distribution varied depending on factors such as the coal type and the operation conditions of plants. The mercury mass balances of three plants were also calculated which were 91.6%, 77.1%, and 118%, respectively. The reliability of this method was verified by the Ontario Hydro (OH) method either in lab or in field

Sulfuric Acid and Ammonia Generation by Bipolar Membranes Electrodialysis: Transport Rate Model for Ion and Water through Anion Exchange Membrane

Regeneration of sulfuric acid and ammonia from ammonium sulfate by bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) coupling with stripping ammonia by air-blowing was studied. The result showed that it was feasible to regenerate sulfuric acid and ammonia from ammonium sulfate solution using this method. Empirical models to describe the ion and water transport behaviors through anion exchange membrane for BMED system were successfully developed. The models were valid to evaluate water transport rate and ion transport behavior for anion exchange membrane under similar operation conditions. Comparison of calculated values with experimental data indicated that the models were reliable to describe the water and ion transport behavior through anion exchange membrane for BMED system and also be used to predict the water transport and ion transport behaviors for other current density under similar operation condition

Room Temperature Ferromagnetic and Optical Properties of Chrome Doped ZnS Nanorods Prepared by Hydrothermal Method

Cr doped Zn1-xCrxS nanorods with different concentration ratio (x=0, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05) were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method. The crystal microstructure, morphology, chemical composition, and optical and magnetic properties of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (XEDS), diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), photoluminescence (PL) spectra, and the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). All the samples synthesized by this method exhibited single-phase wurtzite structure with good crystallization as demonstrated by XRD studies, which indicated that all Cr ions successfully substituted for the lattice site of Zn2+ and generated single-phase Zn1-xCrxS. DRS revealed the band gap of doped Zn1-xCrxS underwent blue shift compared to that of the bulk ZnS. PL spectra showed obvious ultraviolet emission peak at 375 nm and two blue emissions appear about 500 and 580 nm. The blue emissions intensity of doped samples improved with the increase of Cr concentration, comparing to pure ZnS. Magnetic measurements indicated that the undoped and doped ZnS nanorods exhibited well-defined ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature. The saturation magnetization weakened significantly with increasing Cr concentration comparing to pure ZnS and reached minimum for 3% Cr