Obesidade e broncoespasmo induzido pelo exercício /

Orientadora : Neiva LeiteDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física. Defesa: Curitiba, 2007Inclui bibliografiaÁrea de concentração: Exercício e esport

Age and menarcheal status do not influence metabolic response to aerobic training in overweight girls

BACKGROUND: Multidisciplinary intervention is an alternative for the treatment of children and adolescent obese. However, the influence of age and menarcheal status in the pattern of metabolic response of obese girls has not been investigated. The following study examined the effects of a 12-week multidisciplinary intervention on metabolic health in overweight girls and the contribution of age and menarcheal status on the resulting changes. METHODS: Eighty-eight overweight girls (10 - 16 years) were considered initially for this study and randomly assigned (intervention group: n = 58; control group: n = 30). Forty-six girls completed the intervention program and 16 girls completed the follow-up for the control group. The 12-week intervention included aerobic exercises (three times per week) and nutritional intervention. Anthropometrical measures (body mass, body mass index and waist circumference), menarcheal status and metabolic profiles including glucose, insulin, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were assessed in the beginning and after of intervention. Additionally, were calculated homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). RESULTS: After 12-week, girls decreased significantly the body mass (76.6 ± 14.7 to 75.7 ± 14.6 kg) body mass index (30.1 ± 4.0 to 29.4 ± 4.0 kg/m(2)) and waist circumference (98.9 ± 10.9 to 96.5 ± 11.4 cm). There were differences in HDL-C (43.1 ± 8.2 to 50.3 ± 9.4 mg/dl), TG (120.9 ± 64.3 to 93.3 ± 47.9 mg/dl) and insulin (16.9 ± 7.6 to 15.6 ± 9.8 mg/dl). Relative contribution of age was significant only for within-subject variability in waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS: The multidisciplinary based on aerobic training intervention used in this study produced substantial benefits on metabolic health indicators in overweight girls. The changes observed were not related to inter-individual variability in age and maturity status

Association between adiposity indicators, metabolic parameters and inflammatory markers in a sample of female adolescents

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between total and abdominal adiposity with metabolic parameters and inflammatory markers, in female adolescents. The sample consisted of 53 adolescents aged 13 to 17 years from a public school in Curitiba, Brazil. The adiposity indicators studied were body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), trunk fat mass (TKFM), total fat mass (TFM) and body fat percentage (BF%) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The metabolic and inflammatory parameters studied were systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment index for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipids, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), leptin, adiponectin and resistin. Eighty percent of WC variation, 87% of TKFM and TFM, and 73% of BF% were predicted by BMI variation. There was a significant positive correlation between all indicators of adiposity with SBP, DBP, insulin, HOMA-IR, CRP and leptin. Triglycerides were positively correlated with BMI and WC, and adiponectin correlated negatively with BMI. TNF-α, IL-6, glucose, total cholesterol, and high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol did not correlate to the studied variables. BMI showed a significant association with most of the parameters studied, and WC was slightly better than BMI to predict insulin resistance in this specific population.59432533

Comparison of three equations for predicting the body fat by bioimpedance in young obese females || Comparación de tres ecuaciones para predicción de la grasa corporal por bioimpedancia en jóvenes obesas

A impedância bioelétrica (BIA) tem sido bastante utilizada para o monitoramento da composição corporal em indivíduos de diferentes idades e estados nutricionais. Entretanto, não se sabe qual das equações propostas para crianças e adolescentes é a mais recomendada para utilização em adolescentes com excesso de peso. Objetivo: Verificar a concordância dos métodos de BIA usando três equações diferentes com a absorciometria de raio-X de dupla energia (DXA), para análise da composição corporal de adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade. Participaram do estudo 27 adolescentes do sexo feminino, com sobrepeso e obesidade. Foram avaliados o percentual de gordura corporal (%GC), a massa gorda (MG) e a massa livre de gordura (MLG) por DXA e por BIA utilizando as equações propostas por Houtkooper, Schaefer e Deurenberg. ANOVA oneway, gráficos de Bland-Altman e o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse foram utilizados para comparação e verificação da concordância entre os métodos. A BIA utilizando a equação proposta por Houtkooper foi a única que não apresentou diferença estatística significativa na estimativa de %GC, MG e MLG em comparação ao DXA e apresentou boa concordância com o DXA na estimativa de %GC (-1,9 ± 3,29%), MG (1,5 ± 2,59 kg) e MLG (1,4 ± 2,60 kg), bem como boa reprodutibilidade para %GC (CCI = 0,81), MG (0,96) e MLG (0,89). As equações de Schaefer e de Deurenberg apresentaram menor concordância com o DXA, superestimando a MG e subestimando a MLG e apresentaram reprodutibilidade de moderada a baixa na maioria das medidas da composição corporal. Quando comparamos as três equações propostas para BIA com o DXA, verificamos que a equação proposta por Houtkooper foi a que melhor concordou com DXA e apresentou boa reprodutibilidade para estimar %GC, MG e MLG em adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade.214266270COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESSem informaçãoThe bioelectrical impedance (BIA) has been widely used for monitoring body composition of individuals of different ages and nutritional statuses. However, it is unknown which of the equations for children and adolescents is the most recommended to be used for adolescents who are overweight. Objective: To assess the agreement of the BIA method using three different equations with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for analysis of body composition in overweight and obesity. Twenty-seven female adolescents with overweight or obesity were included in this study. The percentage of body fat (%BF), fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were evaluated by DXA and BIA using the equations proposed by Houtkooper, Schaefer and Deurenberg. Oneway ANOVA, Bland-Altman plots and the intraclass correlation coefficient were used for comparison and verification of the agreement among the methods. BIA using the equation proposed by Houtkooper was the only one that showed no statistically significant difference in the estimating %BF, FM and FFM compared to DXA and showed good agreement with DXA in estimating %BF (-1.9±3.29), FM (1.5±2.59) and FFM (1.4±2.60) and good reproducibility for %BF (0.81), FM (0.96) and FFM (0.89). The Schaefer and Deurenberg equations showed less agreement with DXA, overestimating the MG and underestimating the FFM, and presented moderate to low reproducibility in most measures of body composition. When we compared the three equations proposed to BIA with DXA, we find that the Houtkooper equation was the best agreed with DXA and showed good reproducibility for estimate %BF, FM and FFM in female adolescents with overweight and obesity. || La impedancia bioeléctrica (BIA) ha sido bastante utilizada para el monitoreo de la composición corporal en individuos de diferentes edades y estado nutricional. Entretanto, no se sabe cuál de las ecuaciones propuestas para niños y adolescentes es la más recomendada para uso en adolescentes con exceso de peso. Objetivo: Verificar la concordancia de los métodos de BIA usando tres ecuaciones diferentes con la absormetría de rayos X de doble energía (DXA), para análisis de la composición corporal de adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad. Participaron en el estudio 27 adolescentes, del sexo femenino, con sobrepeso y obesidad. Fueron evaluados el porcentual de grasa corporal (%GC), la masa gorda (MG) y la masa libre de grasa (MLG) por DXA y por BIA utilizando las ecuaciones propuestas por Houtkooper, Schaefer y Deurenberg. ANOVA oneway, Bland-Altman y el coeficiente de correlación intraclase fueron utilizados para comparación y verificación de la concordancia entre los métodos. La BIA utilizando la ecuación propuesta por Houtkooper fue la única que no presentó diferencia estadística significativa en la estimativa de %GC, MG y MLG en comparación a DXA y presentó buena concordancia con el DXA en la estimativa de % GC (-1,9±3,29%), MG (1,5±2,59kg) y MLG (1,4±2,60kg), bien como buena reproductibilidad para %GC (CCI=0,81), MG (0,96) y MLG (0,89). Las ecuaciones Schaefer y de Deurenberg presentaron menor concordancia con el DXA, sobreestimando la MG y subestimando la MLG y presentaron valores de moderada a baja reproductibilidad en la mayoría de las medidas de la composición corporal. Cuando comparamos las tres ecuaciones propuestas para BIA en comparación al DXA, verificamos que la ecuación propuesta por Houtkooper fue la que mejor concordó con DXA y presentó buena reproductibilidad para estimar %GC, MG y MLG en adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad

Prevalence of weight excess in Brazilian children and adolescents: a systematic review

The prevalence of obesity is rapidly increasing worldwide, no mattering age groups and socioeconomic status. In Brazil, it is still unclear the prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents, since most Brazilian studies have only verified regional prevalence of obesity. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the scientific production regarding the prevalence of weight excess in Brazilian children and adolescents. A search in the relevant electronic databases Medline/Pubmed, Web of Science, Lilacs, Scielo and BVS was performed. After analyzing 61 studies, the overall prevalence was 25.5%.When sample was stratified weight excess degree, a prevalence of17% and 11.6% for overweight and obesity were observed, respectively. Analyzing differences by sex, boys presented higher prevalence of overall weight excess (e.g., 26.4% vs 23.5%), overweight (17% vs 16%) and obesity (11.9% vs 9.1%) than girls. With respect to Brazilian regions and its differences, individuals from southern presented the highest prevalence of overall weight excess (33.2%) and overweight (20.1%). The southeastern region showed the highest prevalence of obesity (18.2%).The results obtained in the current study indicate that Brazil presents a scenario of crescent increasing on the prevalence of weight excess. These results are in accordance with studies from other countries,and reinforce the increase of the overall weight excess prevalence in Brazilian children and adolescents, highlighting the increasing of obesity rates, since it is a more concerning condition than overweight. Therefore, preventive measures to reduce weight excess increase, as well as treatment programs aiming to tackle obesity in childhood should be public health system top priority

The prevalence of Active Play in Brazilian children and adolescents: a systematic review

A systematic review of the prevalence of Active Play in Brazilian children and adolescents was performed. Only fully available scientific papers that measured Active Play or leisure time physical activity independently from other types of physical activity in Brazilian children and/or adolescents were considered for inclusion. The search for potential articles was performed on the following electronic databases: Pubmed/Medline, Web of Science, Bireme, Scielo and Scopus. Initially, 63 papers met the eligibility criteria. However, after deeply analyzed, seven studies remained and were included in the present review. The overall prevalence of Active Play was 36%, in which varied from 27.2% to 79.3%. Boys presented a prevalence of 47%, ranging from 39,1% to 79.9%, while the prevalence in girls reached 26%, varying from 13.9% to 78.7%. Although the prevalence of Active Play in Brazil in not satisfactory, the potential to present a reliable data regarding this theme should be highlighted. In agreement with some other studies, boys presented a higher prevalence of physical activity than girls. Also, any socioeconomic pattern regarding the prevalence of Active Play in children and adolescents was observed when the results from this study were compared to other studies developed in other countries from several socioeconomic status. The Active Play should be further investigated individually, as a pivotal component of physical activity, as well as its impact on physical inactivity-related comorbidities