Statistical Properties of Multiple Optical Emission Components in Gamma-Ray Bursts and Implications

Well-sampled optical lightcurves of 146 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are complied from the literature. Multiple optical emission components are extracted with power-law function fits to these lightcurves. We present a systematical analysis for statistical properties and their relations to prompt gamma-ray emission and X-ray afterglow for each component. We show that peak luminosity in the prompt and late flares are correlated and the evolution of the peak luminosity may signal the evolution of the accretion rate. No tight correlation between the shallow decay phase/plateau and prompt gamma-ray emission is found. Assuming that they are due to a long-lasting wind injected by a compact object, we show that the injected behavior favors the scenarios of a long-lasting wind after the main burst episode. The peak luminosity of the afterglow onset is tightly correlated with Eiso, and it is dimmer as peaking later. Assuming that the onset bump is due to the fireball deceleration by the external medium, we examine the Gamma_0-Eiso relation and find that it is confirmed with the current sample. Optical re-brightening is observed in 30 GRBs in our sample. It shares the same relation between the width and the peak time as found in the onset bump, but no clear correlation between the peak luminosity and Eiso as observed in the onset bumps is found. Although its peak luminosity also decays with time, the slope is much shallower than that of the onset peak. We get L t^{-1}_{p}$, being consistent with off-axis observations to an expanding external fireball in a wind-like circum medium. The late re-brightening may signal another jet component. Mixing of different emission components may be the reason for the observed chromatic breaks in different energy bands.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, to be published by IJMPD (Proceedings of "The Third Galileo - Xu Guangqi meeting", Beijing, October 11-15, 2011

Establishment and analysis of temperature field of riserless mud recovery system

International audienceDue to the drill pipe in the Riserless Mud Recovery (RMR) system is exposed to seawater, so the characteristics of the temperature changing are very different from the conventional offshore drilling. Considering temperature is an important factor affecting the annulus pressure, it is necessary to study the variation law of the temperature field of the RMR. In this paper, according to the physical process of the heat transfer in RMR, the mathematical model of the temperature field is established. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software is used to simulate the temperature distribution in the drill pipe and the annulus, so that the law of the temperature changing can be observed more intuitively. In order to be more aware of the influencing factors of the temperature field changing, this paper analyzes the influence mechanism of the different discharge capacity and the different injection temperature on temperature changing. Moreover, this paper also analyzes the influence of the annulus temperature on the annulus pressure, which provides a theoretical basis for the well control of RMR

Calcineurin B-Like Proteins CBL4 and CBL10 Mediate Two Independent Salt Tolerance Pathways in Arabidopsis.

In Arabidopsis, the salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway, consisting of calcineurin B-like protein 4 (CBL4/SOS3), CBL-interacting protein kinase 24 (CIPK24/SOS2) and SOS1, has been well defined as a crucial mechanism to control cellular ion homoeostasis by extruding Na+ to the extracellular space, thus conferring salt tolerance in plants. CBL10 also plays a critical role in salt tolerance possibly by the activation of Na+ compartmentation into the vacuole. However, the functional relationship of the SOS and CBL10-regulated processes remains unclear. Here, we analyzed the genetic interaction between CBL4 and CBL10 and found that the cbl4 cbl10 double mutant was dramatically more sensitive to salt as compared to the cbl4 and cbl10 single mutants, suggesting that CBL4 and CBL10 each directs a different salt-tolerance pathway. Furthermore, the cbl4 cbl10 and cipk24 cbl10 double mutants were more sensitive than the cipk24 single mutant, suggesting that CBL10 directs a process involving CIPK24 and other partners different from the SOS pathway. Although the cbl4 cbl10, cipk24 cbl10, and sos1 cbl10 double mutants showed comparable salt-sensitive phenotype to sos1 at the whole plant level, they all accumulated much lower Na+ as compared to sos1 under high salt conditions, suggesting that CBL10 regulates additional unknown transport processes that play distinct roles from the SOS1 in Na+ homeostasis

Significance of CO2 donor on the production of succinic acid by Actinobacillus succinogenes ATCC 55618

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Succinic acid is a building-block chemical which could be used as the precursor of many industrial products. The dissolved CO₂concentration in the fermentation broth could strongly regulate the metabolic flux of carbon and the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxykinase, which are the important committed steps for the biosynthesis of succinic acid by <it>Actinobacillus succinogenes</it>. Previous reports showed that succinic acid production could be promoted by regulating the supply of CO₂donor in the fermentation broth. Therefore, the effects of dissolved CO₂concentration and MgCO₃on the fermentation process should be investigated. In this article, we studied the impacts of gaseous CO₂partial pressure, dissolved CO₂concentration, and the addition amount of MgCO₃on succinic acid production by <it>Actinobacillus succinogenes </it>ATCC 55618. We also demonstrated that gaseous CO₂could be removed when MgCO₃was fully supplied.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>An effective CO₂quantitative mathematical model was developed to calculate the dissolved CO₂concentration in the fermentation broth. The highest succinic acid production of 61.92 g/L was obtained at 159.22 mM dissolved CO₂concentration, which was supplied by 40 g/L MgCO₃at the CO₂partial pressure of 101.33 kPa. When MgCO₃was used as the only CO₂donor, a maximal succinic acid production of 56.1 g/L was obtained, which was just decreased by 7.03% compared with that obtained under the supply of gaseous CO₂and MgCO₃.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Besides the high dissolved CO₂concentration, the excessive addition of MgCO₃was beneficial to promote the succinic acid synthesis. This was the first report investigating the replaceable of gaseous CO2 in the fermentation of succinic acid. The results obtained in this study may be useful for reducing the cost of succinic acid fermentation process.</p

Submerzni uzgoj gljiva u bioreaktorima – izazovi, dostignuća i budućnost proizvodnje

Medicinal mushrooms have profound health-promoting benefits. Recently, a number of substances of mushroom origin have been isolated, identified and shown to have physiological activities, such as antitumor, immunomodulating, cardiovascular, antihypercholesterolemia, antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasitic, hepatoprotective, and antidiabetic activities. Currently, commercial products from medicinal mushrooms are mostly obtained through the field-cultivation of the fruiting body. However, in this case it is difficult to control the quality of the final product. Submerged fermentation of the mycelial form of mushroom-producing fungi has received much attention as a promising alternative for efficient production of the biomass of medicinal mushrooms and their active metabolites. However, in order for the production to be successful at industrial scale, various technical problems need to be solved, including characterization of the variations that occur during the submerged cultivation of mushrooms in bioreactors and their effects on growth and product formation. This review outlines the major factors that affect the submerged cultivation of mushrooms in bioreactors, including oxygen supply, shear and mixing, morphology and rheology, as well as two-stage cultivation strategies and high-cell-density cultivation strategies such as fed-batch fermentation.Medicinske gljive pozitivno djeluju na ljudsko zdravlje. U novije vrijeme izolirane su brojne tvari iz gljiva koje utječu na fiziološke procese i imaju antitumorski, imunomodulacijski i kardiovaskularni učinak, snizuju kolesterol, imaju antibakterijski, antivirusni, antiparazitski i hepatoprotektivni učinak i sprečavaju pojavu dijabetesa. Komercijalni proizvodi dobivaju se uzgojem medicinskih gljiva na polju. Međutim, tim se postupkom teško kontrolira kakvoća gotovog proizvoda. Submerzna fermentacija micelija gljiva moguća je alternativa za uspješnu proizvodnju biomase medicinskih gljiva i njihovih aktivnih metabolita. Međutim, da bi se postigla uspješna industrijska proizvodnja, treba riješiti razne tehničke probleme, između ostalog odrediti odstupanja pri submerznom uzgoju gljiva u bioreaktorima i njihov utjecaj na rast i formiranje gotovog proizvoda. U ovom se revijalnom prikazu razmatraju glavni faktori utjecaja na submerzni uzgoj gljiva u bioreaktorima, a to su opskrba kisikom, posmično naprezanje i miješanje, te morfologija i reologija, opisuje strategija uzgoja gljiva u dvije faze te proizvodnja stanica velike gustoće šaržnom fermentacijom

Quantum Privacy-Preserving Price E-Negotiation

Privacy-preserving price e-negotiation (3PEN) is an important topic of secure multi-party computation (SMC) in the electronic commerce field, and the key point of its security is to guarantee the privacy of seller's and buyer's prices. In this study, a novel and efficient quantum solution to the 3PEN problem is proposed, where the oracle operation and the qubit comparator are utilized to obtain the comparative results of buyer's and seller's prices, and then quantum counting is executed to summarize the total number of products which meets the trading conditions. Analysis shows that our solution not only guarantees the correctness and the privacy of 3PEN, but also has lower communication complexity than those classical ones.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figure