Safety Regulation

Since the late 1960s, Congress has enacted several laws that expand and amplify the role of the federal government in intervening in private market decisions on matters relating to the safety of products and workplaces. This legislation has increased the number of policy instruments available to the government with respect to safety issues, and has created several new government agencies with safety regulatory responsibilities. So dramatic has been the appearance, if not the reality, of increased government control over product and worker safety that these activities, along with environmental controls, recently have come to be called the "new regulation.

Transforming social housing into an asset class: the financialisation of English housing associations under neoliberalism and austerity urbanism

This thesis analyses the financialisation of housing associations, with the aim of connecting the abstract and distant processes of property finance to how these are materialised in the practices of social housing provision. In doing so, a major objective is to show that financialisation is not an automatic process, operating as a rigid structural logic, but has rather necessitated an ongoing and active process of governance within the housing association sector. I argue that a fundamental component of this long-term process since the 1980s has been a re-imagining of associations as entrepreneurial, risk-taking enterprises. Governing financial risk has been a fundamental element of the conversion of associations into an asset class, with the need to safeguard social housing assets a major priority for the regulator. A key finding of this research is that as housing associations have undergone neoliberalisation, the powers of the regulator have been progressively eroded as lenders have emerged as a major interest group within the social housing sector. The financial crisis and austerity have deepened these trends, with austerity policies driving associations to commercialise their development programmes in order to protect their income streams. This in turn is driving financialisation within the sector as providers come to treat their land and housing as a pure financial asset, though development activity at scale still remains concentrated among a minority of large, London-based providers. This thesis has nonetheless found financialisation to be a contradictory process, with major risks building up within the sector as part of the commercialisation agenda and serious consequences for tenants as access to social housing becomes more restricted. The systematic transfer by the regulatory system of risk downward from lenders, to providers, to tenants, is therefore a crucial means by which financialisation has been maintained in the aftermath of the financial crisis

Safety Regulation

Since the late 1960s, Congress has enacted several laws that expand and amplify the role of the federal government in intervening in private market decisions on matters relating to the safety of products and workplaces. This legislation has increased the number of policy instruments available to the government with respect to safety issues, and has created several new government agencies with safety regulatory responsibilities. So dramatic has been the appearance, if not the reality, of increased government control over product and worker safety that these activities, along with environmental controls, recently have come to be called the "new regulation.

Diagnosis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in utero and in the young infant.

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135563/1/jum198765249.pd

Viable tax constitutions

Taxation is only sustainable if the general public complies with it. This observation is uncontroversial with tax practitioners but has been ignored by the public finance tradition, which has interpreted tax constitutions as binding contracts by which the power to tax is irretrievably conferred by individuals to government, which can then levy any tax it chooses. However, in the absence of an outside party enforcing contracts between members of a group, no arrangement within groups can be considered to be a binding contract, and therefore the power of tax must be sanctioned by individuals on an ongoing basis. In this paper we offer, for the first time, a theoretical analysis of this fundamental compliance problem associated with taxation, obtaining predictions that in some cases point to a re-interptretation of the theoretical constructions of the public finance tradition while in others call them into question

Committee Influence Over Controversial Policy: The Reproductive Policy Case

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/74678/1/j.1541-0072.1999.tb01964.x.pd