Cyclic AMP signalling in pancreatic islets

Cyclic 3'5'AMP (cAMP) is an important physiological amplifier of glucose-induced insulin secretion by the pancreatic islet β-cell, where it is formed by the activity of adenylyl cyclases, which are stimulated by glucose, through elevation in intracellular calcium concentrations, and by the incretin hormones (GLP-1 and GIP). cAMP is rapidly degraded in the pancreatic islet β-cell by various cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes. Many steps involved in glucose-induced insulin secretion are modulated by cAMP, which is also important in regulating pancreatic islet β-cell differentiation, growth and survival. This chapter discusses the formation, destruction and actions of cAMP in the islets with particular emphasis on the β-cell

Design and Development of Breathing Air Level Transmitter by using Arduino

Firefighters risk their own lives while performing their required tasks, which is rescuing under dangerous and hazardous environment. There have been numerous amount of cases in which the firefighters themselves were not able to survive and died before they even managed to carry out their duties. Therefore, a mechanism or system to monitor the condition of a firefighter on duty is very much needed and must be implemented. This system should be able to allow another personnel who is not on duty to monitor the condition of the firefighter throughout the whole period when he or she is on duty under dangerous environment. Through this, fast and immediate actions can be taken whenever there is an emergency or accident that occur and thus fatalities involving firefighters while carrying out their mission can be prevented. With the digital air flow sensor used, it will be able to transmit real time data to the monitoring system and indicate the control centre whenever the oxygen level in the tank is low

WiMAX: Performance Analysis and Enhancement of Real-time Bandwidth Request

This paper carried out a study on the bandwidth request for real-time polling services. In our study, we discovered that although the base station granted the subscriber station an allocation to send the bandwidth request, the subscriber station may not be able to allocate the bandwidth request to the allocation. It is due to processing delay and multicast polling in the subscriber station, which results the bandwidth request being padded unintentionally. The loss of bandwidth requests will cause the degradation of the real-time polling service performance. Therefore, we propose a scheme to overcome this problem. The results of the experiment show that the proposed scheme improves the performance of real-time polling services

The Roles of IS Project Critical Success Factors: A Relevatory Case

Research in Critical Success Factors (CSFs) of Enterprise Systems (ES) projects has identified numerous practitioner governance mechanisms for ensuring project success. However, such research has not developed a theory of why certain critical success factors encourage project success. Our research develops such theory on a case study where even though the levels of several critical success factors were weak, the project nevertheless succeeded. Specifically, the logistics ES project succeeded even though there was (1) only marginal top management support, (2) low key user commitment, and (3) change management, training and other critical aspects of user management and communication were not well done. Using a modified dialectical lens, we highlight that project team legitimacy appears to be the underlying CSF, and many heretofore identified CSFs are really manifestations of project team legitimacy