Axillary bud proliferation and somatic embryogenesis in american yellowwood [Cladrastis lutea (Michx.) K. Koch]

The potential for in vitro propagation of Cladrastis lutea (Michx) K. Koch [American yellowwood] by axillary bud proliferation and somatic embryogenesis was investigated. Axillary buds were removed from elongating branchlets during the first week in April 1989 and aseptically cultured on modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium amended with either 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 or 5.0 mg*liter-1 6-benzyladenine (BA). The numbers of shoots and buds were recorded at four week intervals for 24 weeks. The average length of harvested shoots decreased with increasing BA concentrations. Conversely, the average number of buds per explant increased with higher BA levels. Axillary buds cultured on medium supplemented with 1.0 mg*liter-1 BA produced the most consistent number of elongated shoots and buds over the six month culture period. Elongated shoots produced on any of the BA treatments were excised and transferred to rooting medium. Excised shoots could be rooted only when cultured in the dark on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg*liter-1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The somatic embryonic potential of yellowwood was investigated by aseptically culturing 4-10 week post-anthesis ovules at weekly intervals. Zygotic embryos were excised and placed on Shenck and Hildebrandt (SH) medium supplemented with either 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 or 5.0 mg*liter-1 2, 4-D. Explants were transferred after 2 and 3 weeks to SH medium amended with 5.0 mg*liter-1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Somatic embryos were initiated on all treatments and usually formed as pairs at the proximal end of the cotyledonary tissue. The greatest embryonic response occurred from 6-8 weeks post-anthesis. Somatic embryos typically had fascinated cotyledons but were capable of producing a radicle when transferred to half-strength SH medium lacking hormones. Whole plants were regenerated from 3 embryos and established in soil

Culture and Identity in your Community and the World [6th grade]

“Culture and Identity in your Community and the World” is an interdisciplinary unit designed to stimulate questions about identity and culture and how those two things relate. This unit is meant to be taught at the end of the first semester and the beginning of the second semester. Students have already established an understanding of literary elements in fiction and will now be searching for those same engaging elements in non-fiction. As the students read the memoir Red Scarf Girl by Ji-li Jiang in Reading, they will be studying the effects of culture and community on a single person’s identity in Non-Fiction Studies, a writing and social studies class. Students will learn the skills to analyze non-fiction and elaborate on their application of the writing process, as well. The unit will culminate in a an exhibition of the students’ culture. Students will create an exhibit within our very own Institute of KIPPster Cultures. Students will model their exhibit after exhibits in the Institute of Texan Cultures, which they will have previously visited. We will turn our gym into the Institute and students will set up their exhibits around the gym during our sixth grade report card night. Parents, siblings, administrators, community members, and the press will be invited to view the Institute. Students’ exhibits should represent their identity, community (school, neighborhood, and/or San Antonio), culture, and at least one connection made with other individuals, communities, or cultures around the world

Silent and suffering : a pilot study exploring gaps between theory and practice in pain management for people with severe dementia in residential aged care facilities

Background: Pain is common in older people, particularly those in residential aged care facilities (RACF) and those with dementia. However, despite 20 years of discourse on pain and dementia, pain is still undetected or misinterpreted in people with dementia in residential aged care facilities, particularly those with communication difficulties. Methods: A topical survey typology with semistructured interviews was used to gather attitudes and experiences of staff from 15 RACF across Northern Sydney Local Health District. Results: While pain is proactively assessed and pain charts are used in RACF, this is more often regulatory-driven than patient-driven (eg, prior to accreditation). Identification of pain and need for pain relief was ill defined and poorly understood. Both pharmacological and non-¬pharmacological regimes were used, but in an ad hoc, variable and unsystematic manner, with patient, staff, and attitudinal obstacles between the experience of pain and its relief. Conclusion: A laborious “pain communication chain” exists between the experience of pain and its relief for people with severe dementia within RACF. Given the salience of pain for older people with dementia, we recommend early, proactive consideration and management of pain in the approach to behaviors of concern. Individualized pain measures for such residents; empowerment of nursing staff as “needs interpreters”; collaborative partnerships with common care goals between patients where possible; RACF staff, doctors, and family carers; and more meaningful use of pain charts to map response to stepped pain protocols may be useful strate¬gies to explore in clinical settings

Effects of smoke-free air law on acute myocardial infarction hospitalization in Indianapolis and Marion County, Indiana

Background A comprehensive smoke-free air law was enacted on June 1, 2012 in most of Marion County, Indiana, including all of the City of Indianapolis. We evaluated changes in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) admission rates in Indianapolis and Marion County before compared to after the law. Methods We collected AMI admissions from five Marion County hospitals between May 2007 and December 2014. We used Poisson regression to evaluate the overall effects of the law on monthly AMI hospitalizations, adjusting for month, seasonality, meteorology, air pollution, and hospital utilization. We tested the interactions between the law and AMI risk factors on monthly AMI admission rates to identify subpopulations for which the effects might be stronger. Results Monthly AMI admissions declined 20% (95% CI 14–25%) in Marion County and 25% (95% CI 20–29%) in Indianapolis after the law was implemented. We observed decreases among never (21%, 95% CI 13–29%), former (28%, 95% CI 21–34%), and current smokers (26%, 95% CI 11–38%); Medicaid beneficiaries (19%, 95% CI 9–29%) and non-beneficiaries (26%, 95% CI 20–31%). We observed decreases among those with a history of diabetes (Yes: 22%, 95% CI 14–29%; No: 25%, 95% CI 18–31%), congestive heart failure (Yes: 23%, 95% CI 16–30%; No: 24%, 95% CI 17–31%), and hypertension (Yes: 23%, 95% CI 17–28%: No: 26%, 95% CI 15–36%). Conclusions We observed decreases in AMI admissions comparable with previous studies. We identified subpopulations who benefitted from the law, such as former and current smokers, and those without comorbidities such as congestive heart failure and hypertension

Families of Prisoners : A Review of the Evidence

This paper draws on academic research and published reports to present a summary of research into the needs and experiences of children and families of prisoners; the impact of imprisonment on family relationships; and the role that families play in supporting the reintegration process

Why Charlie Darwin Matters More than Ever: Introducing Students to Evolution and the Nature of Science

In celebration of Charles Darwin\u27s 200 Birthday and the 150 anniversary of the publication of his seminal work, On the Origin of Species, this is the first in a series of articles that highlight Darwin\u27s relevance for teachers today and provide lesson plans to bring his work into your classroom. We begin with an introduction to Charles Darwin\u27s life and work through storytelling, a first person monologue as a way to introduce students to several key concepts including the nature of science and a basic understanding of what lead Darwin to the concept of evolution