Genetic Similarities Among Geographic Isolates of Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) Differing in Cold Temperature Tolerances

Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) is a solitary endoparasitoid of aphids and is the primary parasitoid attacking cereal aphids in the Great Plains, especially Schizaphis graminum (Rondani). In a previous study, it was found that a Lincoln, NE, isolate of L. testaceipes had a much higher survivorship at cold temperatures than isolates from Stillwater, OK, and Corpus Christi, TX. This suggested that the Nebraska isolate was locally adapted to the northern environment and perhaps genetically divergent from southern populations. We tested for genetic differentiation of the above isolates by sequencing portions of the COI and 16S mtDNA genes. We also examined a Florida isolate reared from Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy) and L. fabarum Marshall as an outgroup. The Great Plains isolates (Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas) were homogeneous with 0% and 0Ð0.2% sequence divergence in the COI and 16S gene fragments, respectively. The Florida isolate differed from the Great Plains isolates in nucleotide sequence by 1.4% (COI) and 0.5Ð0.7% (16S). Phylogenetic analysis placed the Florida isolate of L. testaceipes basal to the Great Plains isolates with L. fabarum, suggesting a possible species complex within L. testaceipes

Inner Strength In Mothers Of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: Oral Histories

The purpose of this oral history study was to describe the lived experiences of mothers of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and to further inform the Theory of Inner Strength in Women (TIS) (Dingley & Roux, 2014). Postmodern feminist oral history methods were used to answer the research questions which included: 1) What are the lived experiences of mothers of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)? and 2) How do these experiences further inform TIS? Interviews were manually coded directly onto the digital audio files using NVivo11Plus qualitative data management software. Three chronologic phases were identified among the 10 narrators interviewed for the study, including in the beginning, everyday ASD, and afterward. Overarching themes identified for each chronologic phase. The phase afterward only occurred after a chronologic, physical, or imagined distance from day-to-day activities and responsibilities of parenting a child with ASD. Mothers of children with ASD who participated in this oral history study did not achieve the outcome of the TIS, of living a new normal if they were not had not had the chronologic, physical, or imagined separation from day-to-day parenting that mothers in the afterward phase did. They did, however, tell stories which illustrated dimensions of inner strength. The findings were consistent with previous research related to mothers of children diagnosed with ASD, but also makes a unique contribution in terms of implications for nursing practice and recommendations for policy. The data collected for the study has also been entered into the historical record for use by future qualified researchers

Bias Awareness In Secondary Students: Reactions To Hidden Prejudices

mplicit aptitudes are an inherent part of every person, but rarely are these subconscious biases acknowledged or discovered. Not only is their existence rarely acknowledged, on the off chance that awareness exists, rarely is the effort made to determine how they affect overt behavior. Perhaps acknowledging these implicit aptitudes and their effects on behavior can enable people to reflect on what they actually believe. Over the course of one semester 23 students enrolled in an English 2 Honors class were asked to take a race-based IAT in addition to being taught a curriculum embedded with self-leadership skills and multicultural texts. This study sought to determine what implicit aptitudes were held by these predominately White high school students, and if an awareness of these implicit aptitudes along with a purposeful English Language Arts curriculum would increase their cultural sensitivity. Ultimately, it was determined that awareness of implicit aptitudes by these students did increate their cultural awareness and sensitivity

No More Excuses: Refusing to Condone Mere Carelessness or Negligence under the Excusable Neglect Standard in Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b)(1)

Rule 60(b)\u27 is an attempt to codify the equitable, common law practice of reforming judgments under special circumstances. The rule, inter alia, authorizes a court to relieve a party from a default judgment for excusable neglect. This standard, however, is not defined in the rules, and courts have struggled with its meaning. Some circuits define the term liberally and often grant requests to vacate default judgments. Others adopt a strict interpretation and consistently refuse to vacate default judgments resulting from mere carelessness or negligence. Recently, in Pioneer Investment Services Co. v. Brunswick Associates Ltd. Partnership, the Supreme Court clarified the term excusable neglect under one of the Bankruptcy Rules. Given the differing goals and policies of default judgments and bankruptcies, as well as the internal problems of the decision itself, however, the decision should not be extended to determinations of excusable neglect under Rule 60(b)(1). Part II of this Note examines the history of Rule 60(b), analyzing the background and source of original Rule 60(b), as well as the subsequent amendments to the rule. In addition, Part II describes the construction and application of Rule 60(b), outlining the remedial nature of the rule and the competing policy concerns of finality of judgments versus the preference for deciding cases on the merits. Part III discusses the inconsistent interpretations of excusable neglect under Rule 60(b)(1) in cases concerning mere carelessness or negligence. This section explores why some circuits consistently vacate default judgments except upon a showing of culpable conduct or bad faith, while other circuits refuse to vacate default judgments occurring as a result of mere carelessness or negligence. Part IV examines both the majority approach in the Pioneer decision and the dissent\u27s concerns, paying particular attention to internal inconsistencies in the majority opinion. Finally, Part V addresses the inapplicability of Pioneer to the determination of excusable neglect under Rule 60(b)(1). The Note concludes that courts should adopt a strict interpretation of excusable neglect and refuse to condone mere carelessness or negligence under Rule 60(b)(1)

Parent Experiences with Student Mobility Through School Choice Participation: A Phenomenological Study

A phenomenon of student mobility exists under Michigan’s school choice policies. School leaders must identify ways to attract and retain students for the survival of their school and the academic success of children. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the experiences of parents who have utilized school choice policy in a way that has resulted in multiple moves for their children. The central research question for this study was: What are the experiences of parents whose children have been mobile students, through participation in the state’s school choice policy? Data was collected during a series of three face-to-face interviews with 12 participants. Three central themes and corresponding subthemes emerged from the interviews: (a) parents have feelings of empowerment and freedom in regards to the opportunities school choice provides; (b) parents experience feelings of being limited and helpless; (c) parents feel a lack of connectedness to school communities. Parents experience significant changes in school communities over short periods of time, and practitioners must continually adapt to the academic and social needs of an ever-changing population. Implications of this study include a need for policy changes; Michigan leaders should rewrite the state’s open enrollment rules to ensure access and equity

Genetic Similarities Among Geographic Isolates of Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) Differing in Cold Temperature Tolerances

Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) is a solitary endoparasitoid of aphids and is the primary parasitoid attacking cereal aphids in the Great Plains, especially Schizaphis graminum (Rondani). In a previous study, it was found that a Lincoln, NE, isolate of L. testaceipes had a much higher survivorship at cold temperatures than isolates from Stillwater, OK, and Corpus Christi, TX. This suggested that the Nebraska isolate was locally adapted to the northern environment and perhaps genetically divergent from southern populations. We tested for genetic differentiation of the above isolates by sequencing portions of the COI and 16S mtDNA genes. We also examined a Florida isolate reared from Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy) and L. fabarum Marshall as an outgroup. The Great Plains isolates (Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas) were homogeneous with 0% and 0Ð0.2% sequence divergence in the COI and 16S gene fragments, respectively. The Florida isolate differed from the Great Plains isolates in nucleotide sequence by 1.4% (COI) and 0.5Ð0.7% (16S). Phylogenetic analysis placed the Florida isolate of L. testaceipes basal to the Great Plains isolates with L. fabarum, suggesting a possible species complex within L. testaceipes

True love waits: do Southern Baptists? Premarital sexual behavior among newly married Southern Baptist Sunday school students.

This study measures premarital sex prevalence, sources of sex education, and support for secular sex education among 151 newly married young adults surveyed at 9 Texas Southern Baptist churches. More than 70% of respondents reported having had premarital vaginal or oral sex, but more than 80% regretted premarital sex. The proportion of premarital sex exceeded 80% in 6 of 9 churches, among men and women married after age 25 and women married before age 21. School sex education was the only source of information about sexually transmitted infections for 57% of respondents, and 65% supported secular sex education despite church opposition.AMSUNY DownstateEpidemiology and BiostatisticsN/

Drinking and smoking at 3 months postpartum by lactation history

A spontaneous decrease in maternal drinking and smoking often occurs during pregnancy. The present study was conducted to determine if these lower levels of maternal drinking and smoking during pregnancy persist into the postpartum period, and if so, to determine if they are related to breastfeeding. Drinking and smoking were estimated in three cohorts of postpartum women who had been followed since pregnancy. The first group never breastfed their infants; the second group breastfed for less than 1 month; the third group breastfed for more than three months. (Women who weaned between one and three months were not studied.) Drinking and smoking in all three groups decreased sharply during pregnancy but rose again in the 3 months after delivery, though not to levels that were reported before conception. Usual drinking in the third month postpartum did not differ significantly among the three lactation groups. However, women who were still nursing were less likely to report occasional episodes of heavy drinking (binges) in this month than women who had weaned early or never breastfed. Women nursing in the third month postpartum were also significantly less likely to smoke during the month; if smoking, they were less likely to smoke heavily. These differences in postpartum drinking and smoking were not due entirely to habits before conception or to the influence of other potentially confounding variables.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73488/1/j.1365-3016.1990.tb00653.x.pd