การใช้ทุนกับการจัดการเรียนรู้ของครูในศูนย์พัฒนาเด็กเล็ก

บทความวิจัยนี้มุ่งศึกษาปัจจัยที่มีอิทธิพลต่อการจัดเรียนรู้ของครูในศูนย์พัฒนาเด็กเล็กจังหวัดจันทบุรี ใช้ระเบียบวิธีวิจัยเชิงปริมาณ เก็บข้อมูลกับครูในศูนย์เด็กเล็กจังหวัดจันทบุรีที่มีระยะเวลาในการทำงานเป็นครูในศูนย์ฯ ไม่น้อยกว่า 1 ปี ขึ้นไป จำนวน 129 คน เก็บข้อมูลด้วยแบบสอบถามที่ผ่านการตรวจสอบความเที่ยงตรง มี 3 ส่วน ได้แก่ (1) คุณลักษณะพื้นฐานของครู (2) ปัจจัยด้านทุน และ (3) การจัดการเรียนรู้  และทำการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูล 2 ระดับ ได้แก่ (1) การวิเคราะห์ตัวแปรเดียว โดยใช้สถิติพรรณนา ได้แก่ ความถี่ ร้อยละ ค่าเฉลี่ย ค่าส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน ค่าสูงสุด และค่าต่ำสุด และ (2) การวิเคราะห์หลายตัวแปร โดยใช้การวิเคราะห์ถดถอยเชิงพหุคูณ และใช้การเลือกตัวแปรเข้าสมการแบบปกติ ผลการวิจัย พบว่า ครูในศูนย์เด็กเล็กส่วนใหญ่เป็นเพศหญิง คิดเป็นร้อยละ 98.4 โดยสำเร็จการศึกษาในระดับปริญญาตรี ร้อยละ 66.7 และกว่าร้อยละ 70.7 มีวุฒิการศึกษาปฐมวัยหรือวุฒิที่เกี่ยวข้อง เมื่อพิจารณาด้านการใช้ทุนพบว่า ครูมีการใช้ทุนสัญลักษณ์สูงที่สุด ร้อยละ 83.4 รองลงมาคือ การใช้ทุนวัฒนธรรมและการใช้ทุนเศรษฐกิจ ร้อยละ 79.7 เท่ากัน เป็นที่น่าสังเกตว่า ครูมีการใช้ทุนสังคม ต่ำที่สุด ร้อยละ 69.4 และเมื่อวิเคราะห์ปัจจัยที่มีอิทธิพลต่อการจัดการเรียนรู้ พบว่า ทุนวัฒนธรรม ทุนเศรษฐกิจ และทุนสัญลักษณ์ มีอิทธิพลอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ 0.01 ซึ่งตัวแปรอิสระทั้งหมดที่นำมาวิเคราะห์ สามารถอธิบายการผันแปรของการจัดการเรียนรู้ ได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญที่ระดับ 0.01 โดยมีค่าความผันแปรที่ร้อยละ 39.0 (R2 = 0.390

Comparison of Conventional and Variable Frequency Microwave Curing of SU8 Photoresist: Effects on the Dielectric, Thermal, and Morphological Properties

Variable Frequency Microwave (VFM) is known to be a rapid, volumetric, and selective form of heating which has shown potential as an alternative technique for the processing of negative-tone SU8 photoresist in the Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) industry. A comparison of thermal properties of the films cured during the softbake and post exposure bake process using different techniques, i.e. conventional thermal curing, VFM curing, and a combination of both (referred to as hybrid, HY), was investigated using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). A significant increase on the degree of cure (between 13 - 23%) was observed using the VFM over the hybrid and hotplate curing which means that SU8 curing at lower temperatures or rapid curing is possible. The increase in cure rates can be attributed to a combination of heat transfer and the unique capability of microwave to couple with the sample (selective heating). The improvement in curing at the same processing temperatures has important implications for processing thick films. It was found that regardless of curing methods, crosslink densities increased as the baking temperature increased, resulting in lower dielectric properties. Despite higher crosslinking contents, VFM cured samples decomposed at 2 - 4°C lower temperatures. In addition to better thermal properties, VFM offered satisfactory microstructure at lower curing temperatures; however, high processing temperatures could result in film cracking

Skipped-Generation Families: Economic Happiness in Rural North-Eastern Thailand

This paper investigates economic happiness of skipped-generation families in rural north-eastern Thailand. The qualitative methodological approach was implemented in the study. Data collection was conducted in April - May 2018 and in-depth interview was used as a research instrument to collect data from two groups of key informants, including 1) community leaders, community seniors, and community commitees, In total eight persons, and 2) skipped-generation families living in a rural north-eastern region of Thailand, in total twenty families. Data analysis was done by the content analysis method. The study indicated that skipped-generation families are the familes with grandparents and grandchildren living together. Most families have an agricultural occupation, because they have a lot of land by inheritance and divided into two parts: housing and farming. Mostly agricultural income by sugar canes and farming can earn 2,400 USD per year. Moreover, remittances from international migrant only 450 USD per month is spent on family expenses and education of grandchildren. Some families do not have enoughmoney to invest in farming in the next year, and they have a lot more debt than 3,000 USD from a migrant who goes to work abroad. However, skipped-generation families have a perception of economic happiness "An empty hand is no lure for a hawk, no man is happy who does not think himself so" So, skipped-generation families must take this view to manage the economic situation of the family, even though the incomes are insuf-ficient to cover their living and lack of labor due to migrant workers going to work abroad. This affects the economic happiness of skipped-generation families to sustain their living in a rural society.SKIPPED-GENERATION FAMILIES:Economic Happiness in RuralNorth-Eastern Thailan

生分解性ポリマーブレンドおよび複合材料の3Dプリント性および工学的特性に関する研究

要約のみ山形大学202

Nutritional composition and genetic diversity of Thai Aromatic Rice landraces

Fifty Thai aromatic rice landraces and one commercial cultivar (KDML 105) were subjected to proximate nutritional analysis to determine protein, fat, fiber, carbohydrate, ash, moisture, amylose and 2AP contents. Genetic diversity was characterized using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Fifty-one cultivars were clustered based on RAPD and ISSR markers. Various nutrient compositions of the fifty rice landrace cultivars and one commercial cultivar were checked. Among 100 RAPD primers tested, 15 showed high polymorphism (100%) with an average of 21.2 bands per primer. Fifteen ISSR primers out of 100 produced high polymorphism (99.74%) with an average of 26 bands per primer. The UPGMA dendrogram based on genetic similarity grouped the cultivars into two clusters and several sub-clusters. Clustering of aromatic rice using ISSR markers gave increased clarity and was more effective than using RAPD markers for both nutritional composition and polymorphism level. Findings will provide practical guidelines for nutritionists and plant breeders in selecting suitable cultivars and genetically diverse parents for plant breeding programs

Effects of Fat Substitute on Survived Probiotic Bacteria in Yoghurt Ice Cream

Probiotic is the microorganism which exists mostly in the products that processed from the fermented milk. The probiotic in the products contributes in the digestive system of a human, in addition it will help to make the alimentary canal work normally, it help to decrease a chance in infecting with the alimentary canal. But most yogurt ice cream often have a quantity of probiotic lower than 106 CFU/g. Moreover it has saturated fat very much as a kind of lauric acid and myristic acid. The research was to study the processing of products from yogurt ice cream by emphasizing at the quantity of probiotic microorganisms existed in yogurt by taking the fat replacer to use as wrapper on probiotic microorganisms to have most survival quantity, and it was an option for the consumers who took care of health.The objective of this research was to compare amounts of fat substitutes supplied in the industries in order to determine their ability to encapsulate probiotic microbes in the production of yoghurt ice cream to ensure maximum survived probiotic microbes. In this research, two fat substitutes, Purity SM 100 and CRYSTAL texTM 648, were used to substitute skim milk in the standard formulas in order to study numbers of survived probiotic microbes and to test the sensory acceptance. For the sensory acceptance, it was found that the probiotic yoghurt ice cream containing 20% Purity SM100 is acceptable at the maximum significance (p ≤ 0.05) because its flavor and taste was better than other samples as well as the best overrun with statistical significant differences (p ≤ 0.05). However, by addition of both fat substitutes at different concentrations, pH values of probiotic yoghurt ice cream products did not have statistical significant differences (p ≥ 0.05). When Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium, and Streptococcus thermophilus microbial starters were added into the probiotic yoghurt ice cream using both fat substitutes in place of skim milk at ratios of 10%, 15%, and 20%, respectively, under a storage condition of -20oC for 4 weeks, it was found that types and amounts of fat substitutes affected the surviving rate of probiotic microbes in the product with a statistical significance (p ≤ 0.05). The addition of fat substitutes, Purity SM100 and CRYSTAL texTM 648, at all concentration levels made probiotic microbes survived in the product, which illustrated that both fat substitutes used in above experiments could encapsulate probiotic microbe cells. The survived probiotic microbes were in the range of 107 – 108 CFU/ml in comparison to the probiotic yoghurt ice cream with the standard formula without the addition of fat substitutes that has survived probiotic microbes of only 106 CFU/ml

Properties and Internal Curing of Concrete Containing Recycled Autoclaved Aerated Lightweight Concrete as Aggregate

Global warming is a vital issue addressed to every sector worldwide, including the construction industry. To achieve the concept of green technology, many attempts have been carried out to develop low-carbon footprint products. In the construction sector, Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) has become more popular and been manufactured to meet the construction demand. However, errors from manufacturing process accounted for approximately 3 to 5% of the AAC production. The development of AAC waste as lightweight aggregate in concrete is one of the potential approaches which was extendedly studied in this paper. The results showed that the compressive strength of AAC-LWA concrete was decreased with an increase in volume and coarse size. The optimum mix proportion was the AAC aggregate size of 1/2′′ to 3/8′′ with 20 to 40% replacement to normal weight aggregate. Internal curing by AAC-LWA was also observed and found to provide sufficient water inside the specimens, leading to an achievement in higher compressive strength. The main goal of this study is not only utilising unwanted wastes from industry (recycling of waste materials) but also building up a new knowledge of using AAC-LWA as an internal curing agent as well as the production of value-added lightweight concrete products

Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Isolated from Racehorses and Horsemen in Northeastern Thailand

Salmonella is one of the major causes of foodborne diseases in humans. These bacteria can colonize within the gastrointestinal tracts of both humans and animals, and there have been reports of incidences of Salmonella in horses. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, serotypes, and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates from racehorses and horsemen, as well as to explore the possible transmission between horses and humans. Fecal samples from racehorses (247 samples) and horsemen (33 samples) were collected from horse farms located in 3 provinces of upper Northeastern Thailand between March and August 2019. Salmonella was isolated and identified. Broth microdilution was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the antimicrobial agents for antimicrobial. Salmonella isolates were detected in 4.86% (12/247) of racehorses and 3.03% (1/33) of horsemen. The most commonly found serotypes in the isolates obtained from the racehorses were Abony (25%) and Iganda (16.67%). Only the Tumodi II serotype was found in one horseman. Salmonella isolates collected from the racehorses had been the most resistant to streptomycin (66.67%), while the isolate from a horsemen had been resistant to ampicillin, streptomycin, oxytetracycline, and to tetracycline. Although Salmonella transmission between racehorses and horsemen was not found to be obviously present in this study, the appropriate use of antimicrobials and hygienic procedures are still necessary in order to prevent antimicrobial resistance and the transmission of drug-resistant Salmonella between horses and humans

Kinetics of Catalytic Oxidation of Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid over LaMn1-xNixO3-d Perovskite Oxide

This present research aims at studying the kinetic reaction of HMF oxidation which is influenced by temperature gradient and Mn/Ni cation ratio in a lanthanum-based perovskite oxide catalyst. The result can be a fruitful database for the further development of the semi-industrial FDCA derivatives production process. Three Mn/Ni cation ratios of LaMnO3-d, LaMn0.5Ni0.5O3-d, and LaNiO3-d catalysts were selected and prepared by the Sol-Gel method. The bulk chemical species and oxidation states of secondary metal elements (Mn and Ni) for all synthesized perovskite-oxide catalysts were characterized by X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). The result of the distinct ratio of Mn3+/Mn4+ ions significantly affected the oxidation reaction of HMF. The LaMn0.5Ni0.5O3-d and LaMnO3-d catalysts achieved high catalytic performance for the HMF oxidation reaction at 120 °C for 4 hrs. The kinetic parameters and activation energy were successfully estimated and reported

Investigation of hard-burn and soft-burn lime kiln dust as alternative materials for alkali-activated binder cured at ambient temperature

Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). As climate change becomes a severe concern, the development of green technology becomes a goal for many sectors, including the construction material sector. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC), the main constituent of concrete production, is a primary contributor to releasing carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. Some alternative cementitious materials have been studied to reduce the massive amount of OPC consumption. Lime kiln dust (LKD), a by-product of quicklime production, is produced in abundance worldwide and mostly disposed of in landfills. The two types of LKD, soft-burn and hard-burn, are high-potential wastes that can be developed as alternative cementitious binders using the alkali-activated binder (AAB) technology. This study investigates the mixture designation and properties of LKD-based AAB when cured at ambient temperature. The results show that an ambient-cured soft-burn LKD-AAB achieved practical workability with an 8 M NaOH solution, 1.50 of sodium silicate-to-sodium hydroxide ratio (SS/SH), and 0.60 of liquid alkaline-to-binder ratio (L/B). A rapid setting behavior and an excellent compressive strength of 10.89 MPa at 28 days were revealed at room temperature curing. The ambient-cured hard-burn LKD-AAB could not provide the appropriate properties. However, the mixture of 20% hard-burn LKD and 80% soft-burn LKD resulted in an LKD-AAB mixture that meets the minimum requirement for low-strength cement applications. The positive outcome of this study may be the solution for of LKD wastes utilization in Thailand that addresses the challenge of developing ambient-cured AAB for in-field applications.Partially supported by Chiang Mai University; the fifth author would like to acknowledge the financial support of the Thailand Research Fund (TRF) under the TRF Distinguished Research Professor Grant No. DPG6180002; financial support and the raw materials for these experiments from Chememan Public Company Limited, Thailand