208 research outputs found
An overview of zeolites synthesised from coal fly ash and their potential for extracting heavy metals from industrial wastewater
Zeolites are aluminosilicate minerals widely used in industrial applications including as commercial adsorbents and catalysts. This overview focuses on zeolites synthesised from coal fly ash (CFA). Human activities and industrial developments generate large volumes of polluted water, which have a significant ecological impact. Industrial wastewater may consist of different pollutant types, but of specific interest to this work are heavy metals, which. Heavy metal ions are among the most dangerous pollutants due to their toxicity and carcinogenicity. This overview covers the recent scientific literature, focused on using CFA-derived zeolites to remove Ni, Hg, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr, Co both from synthetic solutions replicating industrial wastewater and actual wastewater streams. The results described in many papers cited in this review look promising for industrial wastewater treatment operations. Furthermore, the large variety of possible synthetic zeolites provides a route for energy-efficient, pollutant-specific remediation of industrial heavy metals
Observation of iron ore beneficiation within a spiral concentrator by positron emission particle tracking of large (Ø=1440μm) and small (Ø=58μm) hematite and quartz tracers
Copper ion removal from dilute solutions using ultrasonically synthesised BSA- and EWP-coated air bubbles
The aim of this study was to remove copper ions from dilute copper solution using an innovative material known as air-filled emulsion (AFE). AFE is composed of microscopic bubbles enclosed by a thin film of cysteine-rich protein distributed through the aqueous solution. The method using AFE as an extractant is combination of air-assisted solvent extraction (AASX) and biosorption techniques. The data obtained from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) clearly showed the thiol, amino and carboxylic groups of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and egg white protein (EWP)-coated bubbles being responsible for copper adsorption. Moreover, it was also observed that manipulation of experimental conditions such as solution pH, temperature, biosorbent and copper concentration had a significant impact on copper ion uptake. Higher solution pH led to a greater metal uptake for both egg white protein emulsion (EWPEM) and bovine serum albumin emulsion (BSAEM). At lower pH, copper removal diminished and no copper removal was obtained at pH 2 due to the high concentration of hydrogen ions. The increase of copper uptake with temperature rise was due to both the exposure of more functional groups that were initially buried in the interior of the protein structure and an increase in reaction kinetics
Magnetic Zeolite:Synthesis and Copper Adsorption Followed by Magnetic Separation from Treated Water
Zeolites are widely used in diverse applications, including the removal of heavy metals from wastewater. However, separating fine-sized zeolite particles from treated water is often a challenge. In this work, a novel method utilizing a colloidal polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution to bind iron oxide nanoparticles to a Linde Type A (LTA) zeolite was used to synthesize magnetic zeolite. Different zeolite–iron oxide nanoparticle loadings (10:1, 10:0.5, and 10:0.1) were used in batch adsorption experiments to investigate adsorption capacities and kinetics for Cu removal from an aqueous solution. The results showed that the magnetic zeolite maintained much of its adsorbent properties while facilitating a simplified process design. Thus, the adsorption capacity of pure LTA zeolite was found to be 262 mg/g for magnetic zeolite, with a 10:1 ratio—151 mg/g; 10:0.5—154 mg/g; and 10:0.1—170 mg/g. Magnetic separation was subsequently employed to remove the magnetic zeolite from the treated solution
Materials characterization of advanced fillers for composites engineering applications
Four different minerals were investigated; hollow spheres of calcium carbonate, platy mica, needle like wollastonite and glassy perlite and characterized via iGC for surface energy, Freeman powder rheology for flow characterization, cyclic uniaxial die compaction for modulus of elasticity and frequency dependent sound absorption properties. Particle surface energy and particle shape strongly affected the packing density of powder beds. In the case of higher porosity and thus lower bulk density, the powders acoustic absorption was higher in comparison with higher packing density materials. Surface energy profiles and surface energy distributions revealed clear convergence with powder rheology data, where the character of the powder flow at defined consolidation stresses was mirroring either the high cohesion powders properties connected with the high surface energy or powder free flowing characteristics, as reflected in low cohesion of the powder matrix.Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Czech Republic [OP PIK CZ.01.1.02/0.0/0.0/16_084/0010256
Nanoporous sponges as carbon-based sorbents for atmospheric water generation
Water scarcity threatens more and more people in the world. Moisture adsorption from the atmosphere represents a promising avenue to provide fresh water. Nanoporous sponges (“NPSs” ), new carbon-based sorbents synthesized from the pyrolysis of resorcinol-formaldehyde resin, can achieve comparable performance to metal organic framework-based systems, but at a significantly lower cost. Oxygen and nitrogen functionalities can be added to the NPS surface, through oxidation and addition of phenanthroline to the initial reagent mixture, respectively. The resulting NPS sorbents have high specific surface areas of 347 to 527 m2·g–1 and an average capillary-condensation-compatible pore size of 1.5 nm. When oxidized, the NPS can capture up to 0.28 g of water per gram of adsorbent at a relative pressure of 0.90 (0.14 g·g–1 at P/Psat = 0.40) and maintain this adsorption capacity over multiple adsorption/desorption cycles. Scaled-up synthesis of the NPS was performed and tested in an experimental water capture setup, showing good agreement between small- and larger-scale adsorption properties. Water adsorption isotherms fitted with the theoretical model proposed by Do and Do demonstrate that hydroxyl functionalities are of key importance to NPS behavior
Loss-of-function mutations in SLC30A8 protect against type 2 diabetes.
Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/OpenLoss-of-function mutations protective against human disease provide in vivo validation of therapeutic targets, but none have yet been described for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Through sequencing or genotyping of ~150,000 individuals across 5 ancestry groups, we identified 12 rare protein-truncating variants in SLC30A8, which encodes an islet zinc transporter (ZnT8) and harbors a common variant (p.Trp325Arg) associated with T2D risk and glucose and proinsulin levels. Collectively, carriers of protein-truncating variants had 65% reduced T2D risk (P = 1.7 × 10(-6)), and non-diabetic Icelandic carriers of a frameshift variant (p.Lys34Serfs*50) demonstrated reduced glucose levels (-0.17 s.d., P = 4.6 × 10(-4)). The two most common protein-truncating variants (p.Arg138* and p.Lys34Serfs*50) individually associate with T2D protection and encode unstable ZnT8 proteins. Previous functional study of SLC30A8 suggested that reduced zinc transport increases T2D risk, and phenotypic heterogeneity was observed in mouse Slc30a8 knockouts. In contrast, loss-of-function mutations in humans provide strong evidence that SLC30A8 haploinsufficiency protects against T2D, suggesting ZnT8 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in T2D prevention.US National Institutes of Health (NIH) Training
5-T32-GM007748-33
Doris Duke Charitable Foundation
2006087
Fulbright Diabetes UK Fellowship
BDA 11/0004348
Broad Institute from Pfizer, Inc.
NIH
U01 DK085501
U01 DK085524
U01 DK085545
U01 DK085584
Swedish Research Council
Dnr 521-2010-3490
Dnr 349-2006-237
European Research Council (ERC)
GENETARGET T2D
GA269045
ENGAGE
2007-201413
CEED3
2008-223211
Sigrid Juselius Foundation
Folkh lsan Research Foundation
ERC
AdG 293574
Research Council of Norway
197064/V50
KG Jebsen Foundation
University of Bergen
Western Norway Health Authority
Lundbeck Foundation
Novo Nordisk Foundation
Wellcome Trust
WT098017
WT064890
WT090532
WT090367
WT098381
Uppsala University
Swedish Research Council and the Swedish Heart- Lung Foundation
Academy of Finland
124243
102318
123885
139635
Finnish Heart Foundation
Finnish Diabetes Foundation, Tekes
1510/31/06
Commission of the European Community
HEALTH-F2-2007-201681
Ministry of Education and Culture of Finland
European Commission Framework Programme 6 Integrated Project
LSHM-CT-2004-005272
City of Kuopio and Social Insurance Institution of Finland
Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Disease
NIH/NIDDK
U01-DK085545
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities
N01 HC-95170
N01 HC-95171
N01 HC-95172
European Union Seventh Framework Programme, DIAPREPP
Swedish Child Diabetes Foundation (Barndiabetesfonden)
5U01DK085526
DK088389
U54HG003067
R01DK072193
R01DK062370
Z01HG000024info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/20201
Sharing and community curation of mass spectrometry data with Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking
The potential of the diverse chemistries present in natural products (NP) for biotechnology and medicine remains untapped because NP databases are not searchable with raw data and the NP community has no way to share data other than in published papers. Although mass spectrometry techniques are well-suited to high-throughput characterization of natural products, there is a pressing need for an infrastructure to enable sharing and curation of data. We present Global Natural Products Social molecular networking (GNPS, http://gnps.ucsd.edu), an open-access knowledge base for community wide organization and sharing of raw, processed or identified tandem mass (MS/MS) spectrometry data. In GNPS crowdsourced curation of freely available community-wide reference MS libraries will underpin improved annotations. Data-driven social-networking should facilitate identification of spectra and foster collaborations. We also introduce the concept of ‘living data’ through continuous reanalysis of deposited data
Synergistic Effect between Bifunctional Ionic Liquids and a Molecular Extractant for Lanthanide Separation
A novel form of synergistic extraction
using both ionic liquid
extractants and a molecular extractant is reported. The molecular
extractant (TRPO, a mixture of four trialkylphosphine oxides) and
anion precursors of the ionic liquid extractants (HDEHP and HEH[EHP])
are the most commonly used industrial extractants for f-block element
separation. Development of acid–base coupling bifunctional
ionic liquids (ABC-BILs) for rare earth elements (REEs) separation
offers a promising strategy to reduce the millions of tons of industrial
saponification wastewater that are produced annually. The synergistic
effects of the ABC-BILs with TRPO contributed to increased extractabilities
and selectivities of middle and heavy lanthanides, revealing theoretical
importance and engineering potential in REEs separation
Development of Industrial Extractants into Functional Ionic Liquids for Environmentally Friendly Rare Earth Separation
Rare earth elements (REEs) are critical
materials in many cutting-edge
technology products. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate (HDEHP) and 2-ethyl(hexyl)
phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (HEH[EHP]) are the most commonly
used industrial extractants in individual REE separation. However,
acidic extractants, such as HDEHP and HEH[EHP], must be saponified
for REEs separation, which often releases millions of tons of saponification
wastewater into the environment annually. To develop effective and
environmentally friendly extraction protocols for the REE separation
industry, HDEHP and HEH[EHP] were prepared as acid–base coupling
bifunctional ionic liquid extractants, and their extraction behavior
and stripping properties for REEs were investigated
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