Infection à virus Coxsackie B, interféron alpha et diabète insulino-dépendant

LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocSudocFranceF

PCR array profiling of antiviral genes in human embryonic kidney cellsexpressing human coronavirus OC43 structural and accessory proteins

AbstractHuman coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) is a respiratory virus that usually causes a common cold. However, it has thepotential to cause severe infection in young children and immunocompromised adults. Both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoVwere shown to express proteins with the potential to evade early innate immune responses. However, the ability of HCoVOC43to antagonise the intracellular antiviral defences has not yet been investigated. The potential role of the HCoV-OC43structural (M and N) and accessory proteins (ns2a and ns5a) in the alteration of antiviral gene expression was investigated inthis study. HCoV-OC43M, N, ns2a and ns5a proteins were expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293) cells beforechallenge with Sendai virus. The Human Antiviral Response PCR array was used to profile the antiviral gene expression inHEK-293 cells. Over 30 genes were downregulated in the presence of one of the HCoV-OC43 proteins, e.g. genes representingmitogen-activated protein kinases, toll-like receptors, interferons, interleukins, and signaling transduction proteins. Ourfindings suggest that similarly to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, HCoV-OC43 has the ability to downregulate the transcriptionof genes critical for the activation of different antiviral signaling pathways. Further studies are needed to confirm the role ofHCoV-OC43 structural and accessory proteins in antagonising antiviral gene expression

Varicella infection in the Middle East: Prevalence, complications, and vaccination

Varicella (chickenpox) is the primary infection of varicella-zoster virus (VZV), it is a mild self-limiting infection, but it is also highly contagious and can cause severe complications among high-risk group of individuals. It is usually a childhood infection providing lifelong immunity, but adults without varicella history are also susceptible to infection. High-risk group of individuals is more likely to develop serious complications. Varicella vaccine was introduced to protect this group of individuals and to prevent epidemic spread of VZV infection in a community. Thus, it was added to the recommended vaccination schedules for children in most developed countries. This review aimed to outline varicella status, seroprevalence, complications, and vaccination in the Middle East region. Based on our findings, children were the most affected age group, but there are also adult cases due to high number of expatriates, especially in Gulf Cooperation Council countries. Central nervous system involvements and skin diseases followed by varicella pneumonia were the most varicella-associated complications. Varicella vaccine was introduced in most Middle East countries, either mandatory by the Ministries of Health or optional in the private clinics. Few numbers of studies have reported an obvious reduction in varicella prevalence, hospitalizations, and deaths in the Middle East following varicella vaccination. A basic database about varicella infection before the initiation and implementation of a vaccination policy is essential to determine the target group of individuals. As far as our knowledge, this is the first review about varicella infection in the Middle East

Phylogenetic analysis of human metapneumovirus detected in hospitalized patients in Kuwait during the years 2009–2011

Summary: Background: Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is an important cause of both upper and lower respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in all age groups. Children, elderly, and immunocompromised individuals are the most affected groups. HMPV infection accounts for 5% of hospitalized patients with respiratory tract infections in Kuwait. It is mostly detected among infants and elderly age groups, and both hMPV genotypes A and B circulate in Kuwait. Methods: In this study, the genetic diversity of detected hMPV was evaluated, and a phylogenetic analysis based on partial nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the G gene was performed for hMPV detected among hospitalized patients with RTIs. Results: Our results showed that 62% of hMPV sequences belonged to the A genotype and 38% to the B genotype. A2b and B2 subtypes were detected and circulated during the study period, whereas A1 and B1 subtypes were not detected. Based on nucleotide sequences of the G gene, most of hMPV strains (57%) were clustered with Indian strains, followed by Greek strains (24%) and Canadian strains (14%). One strain (5%) clustered within the B genotype but had different branches than B1 and B2 branches. Conclusion: Our data showed the co-circulation of hMPV genotypes A2b and B2 in Kuwait with genetic diversity suggestive of evolution through negative selection. Keywords: Respiratory viruses, Human metapneumovirus (hMPV), Phylogenetic analysis, Genotypes, G gene, Genetic diversit

Association of HPV genotypes with external anogenital warts: a cross sectional study

Abstract Background This study was undertaken to determine the distribution of type-specific human papillomavirus (HPV) in external anogenital warts, and the correlation with clinical presentation of warts and demographic data of patients. Methods Genital warts specimens were obtained from 129 men and 27 women attending a dermatology clinic, who had been advised surgical excision. The tissues were fixed and screened for HPV DNA by using real-time PCR. HPV genotype was determined by PCR-based sequencing. Results Sixteen different HPV genotypes were detected, comprising 4 oncogenic HPV genotypes (16, 18, 33, 38), 2 low-risk HPV types (LR) (6, 81), HPV 9, and other types associated with common warts (1a, 2, 4, 7, 27b, 27, 57b, 57c, 65). Oncogenic HPV types were found in 34.62% of patients, LR HPV types in 14.4%, HPV 9 in 0.64%, and common warts type in 50.6%. The prevalence of HPV infection with a single type was 88.4, 9.0% for two types, and 2.6% for three types. Multiple logistic regression model showed that age, gender, nationality, number of warts, size of each wart, and positive history of wart in sexual partner, were not predictors of HPV type. However, patients with anogenital warts of one to six months duration were three times more likely to have oncogenic HPV infection compared to those with less than one month. Conclusions This study shows that oncogenic HPV types are detected in around 35% of patients with genital warts, and are prevalent in warts of one to six months duration

Persistent Infection of Human Thymic Epithelial Cells by Coxsackievirus B4

Persistent replication of coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) E2 (diabetogenic) and CVB4 JBV (nondiabetogenic) strains in thymic epithelial cell (TEC)-enriched cultures (≥95%) was proved by detection of positive- and negative-strand viral RNA by reverse transcription-PCR in extracted RNA from cell cultures, VP1 capsid protein detection by immunofluorescence (IF) staining, and release of infectious particles up to 30 days after infection without obvious cytolysis. By double-IF staining, cytokeratin-containing cells were shown to be susceptible to CVB4. The persistence of CVB4 was associated with a significantly increased rate of TEC proliferation (up to 70%) after 20 days of culture and a significantly increased chronic production of immunoreactive interleukin-6 (IL-6), leukemia inhibitory factor, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in supernatant after 3 days of culture. The CVB4 replication and the release of cytokines were not restricted to the CVB4 E2 diabetogenic strain and did not depend on the genetic background of the host; however, TEC were more responsive to CVB4 E2 than CVB4 JBV as far as the production of cytokines