176 research outputs found
A Phylogenetic Analysis of the Family Pseudonocardiaceae and the Genera Actinokineospora and Saccharothrix with 16s rRNA Sequences and a Proposal To Combine the Genera Amycolata and Pseudonocardia in an Emended Genus Pseudonocardia
The 16S rRNAs of 15 species of actinomycetes belonging to the genera Actinokineospora and Saccharothrix and the family Pseudonocardiaceae, including Amycolatopsis, Amycolata, Pseudonocardia, Saccharomonospora, and Saccharopolyspora species, were sequenced by using reverse transcriptase. The sequences were analyzed along with the sequences of reference actinomycetes by using distance matrix and parsimony methods. The wall chemotype IV genus Actinokineospora was found to be closely related to species of the genus Saccharothrix which have chemotype III walls. Together, these two genera formed a clade which was closely related to members of the family Pseudonocardiaceae which have chemotype IV walls. However, the phylogenetic branching pattern did not unambiguously resolve whether the members of all three taxa should be placed in a single family. We suggest, therefore, that the genera Actinokineospora and Saccharothrix should remain outside the family Pseudonocardiaceae until additional sequence or phenotypic data are available to decide the issue. The sequences of species belonging to the genera Amycolata and Pseudonocardia were always recovered as a mixed group in phylogenetic trees, and we propose that these organisms should be classified in an emended genus Pseudonocardia. This proposal is strongly supported by previously published lipid, ribosomal protein, and ultrastructure data
Quantum and classical fidelities for Gaussian states
We examine the physical significance of fidelity as a measure of similarity
for Gaussian states, by drawing a comparison with its classical counterpart. We
find that the relationship between these classical and quantum fidelities is
not straightforward, and in general does not seem to provide insight into the
physical significance of quantum fidelity. To avoid this ambiguity we propose
that the efficacy of quantum information protocols be characterized by
determining their transfer function and then calculating the fidelity
achievable for a hypothetical pure reference input state.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, to be published in J. Opt. Soc. Am. B special
issue on Optical Quantum Information Scienc
Quantum Cryptography without Switching
We propose a new coherent state quantum key distribution protocol that
eliminates the need to randomly switch between measurement bases. This protocol
provides significantly higher secret key rates with increased bandwidths than
previous schemes that only make single quadrature measurements. It also offers
the further advantage of simplicity compared to all previous protocols which,
to date, have relied on switching.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, Submitte
Exergy accounting: a quantitative comparison of methods and implications for energy-economy analysis
Assessments of the feasibility of decoupling energy consumption from economic growth could benefit from an improved understanding of the size, nature and value of different energy flows. This understanding may be enhanced by focusing upon so-called âuseful exergyââa measure of both the quantity and âqualityâ of energy (defined here as its thermodynamic ability to perform physical work) at the âusefulâ stage of the energy conversion chain. Useful exergy flows within national economies are increasingly being quantified and their role in economic activity explored. However, this so-called âexergy economicsâ field currently lacks a consistent methodology. This paper contributes to the development of a more consistent approach. By constructing a âuseful exergy accountâ for the United Kingdom covering the period 1960â2012, we explore how different methodological choices influence estimates of useful exergy for different categories of end-use as well as estimates of total national useful exergy consumption. Specifically, we evaluate the sensitivity of estimates to: (a) the method of estimating the exergy efficiency of different end-uses; (b) the boundaries between end-use categories; and (c) the method of estimating the primary exergy associated with renewable electricity. We also improve upon the current method of accounting for industrial uses of heat. This leads to suggestions for best practice when constructing useful exergy accounts, and the identification of areas where further methodological development is required
Mutual information--based approach to adaptive homodyne detection of quantum optical states
I propose an approach to adaptive homodyne detection of digitally modulated
quantum optical pulses in which the phase of the local oscillator is chosen to
maximize the average information gain, i.e., the mutual information, at each
step of the measurement. I study the properties of this adaptive detection
scheme by considering the problem of classical information content of ensembles
of coherent states. Using simulations of quantum trajectories and
visualizations of corresponding measurement operators, I show that the proposed
measurement scheme adapts itself to the features of each ensemble. For all
considered ensembles of coherent states, it consistently outperforms heterodyne
detection and Wiseman's adaptive scheme for phase measurements [H.M. Wiseman,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 4587 (1995)].Comment: Submutted to Phys. Rev.
Ocean warming affects the distribution and abundance of resident fishes by changing their reproductive scope
With ocean warming predicted globally, one of the mechanisms driving distributional shifts and changes in the abundance of resident fishes is reproductive output. The relationship between sea surface temperature and the reproductive activity of a eurythermic, resident coastal species, blacktail seabream Diplodus sargus capensis, was examined in the ââocean warmingââ hotspot of the northern Benguela. Reproductive activity was found to be restricted to periods when the water temperature dropped below 20 _C. A metadata analysis conducted on the D. sargus sub-species complex similarly showed that reproductive activity was restricted to temperatures between 15 and 20 _C, regardless of the range in ambient water temperature. Based on these findings and using satellite derived SST information, we examined D. s. capensisâs total and seasonal ââreproductive scopeââ that is defined as either the area suitable for spawning each year or the duration of its potential spawning season at a fixed geographical locality, respectively. Trends were examined over the last three decades. Reproductive scope by area was found to be shrinking at a rate of 7 % per decade in southern Angola and expanding at a rate of 6 % per decade in northern Namibia. Reproductive scope by season decreased by 1.05 months per decade in Namibe, southern Angola and increased by 0.76 months per decade in Hentiesbaai, northern Namibia. Changes in reproductive scope may be a driving mechanism of distributional shifts in resident fishes, although the rate of the shifts is likely to be slow. More importantly, changes in reproductive scope will not be uniform throughout fish distributions and will most likely result in heterogeneous variations in fish abundance
Emergent Error Correcting States in Networks of Nonlinear Oscillators
Networks of nonlinear oscillators can exhibit complex collective behaviour
ranging from synchronised states to chaos. Here, we simulate the dynamics of
three coupled Duffing oscillators whose multiple equilibrium states can be used
for information processing and storage. Our analysis reveals that even for this
small network, there is the emergence of an error correcting phase where the
system autonomously corrects errors from random impulses. The system has
several surprising and attractive features, including dynamic isolation of
resonators exposed to extreme impulses and the ability to correct simultaneous
errors. The existence of an error correcting phase opens the prospect of
fault-tolerant information storage, with particular applications in
nanomechanical computing
Bilateral Remote Ischaemic Conditioning in Children (BRICC) trial:protocol for a two-centre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial in young children undergoing cardiac surgery
IntroductionMyocardial protection against ischaemic-reperfusion injury is a key determinant of heart function and outcome following cardiac surgery in children. However, with current strategies, myocardial injury occurs routinely following aortic cross-clamping, as demonstrated by the ubiquitous rise in circulating troponin. Remote ischaemic preconditioning, the application of brief, non-lethal cycles of ischaemia and reperfusion to a distant organ or tissue, is a simple, low-risk and readily available technique which may improve myocardial protection. The Bilateral Remote Ischaemic Conditioning in Children (BRICC) trial will assess whether remote ischaemic preconditioning, applied to both lower limbs immediately prior to surgery, reduces myocardial injury in cyanotic and acyanotic young children.Methods and analysisThe BRICC trial is a two-centre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial recruiting up to 120 young children (age 3 months to 3 years) undergoing primary repair of tetralogy of Fallot or surgical closure of an isolated ventricular septal defect. Participants will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to either bilateral remote ischaemic preconditioning (3Ă5âmin cycles) or sham immediately prior to surgery, with follow-up until discharge from hospital or 30 days, whichever is sooner. The primary outcome is reduction in area under the time-concentration curve for high-sensitivity (hs) troponin-T release in the first 24âhours after aortic cross-clamp release. Secondary outcome measures include peak hs-troponin-T, vasoactive inotrope score, arterial lactate and central venous oxygen saturations in the first 12âhours, and lengths of stay in the paediatric intensive care unit and the hospital.Ethics and disseminationThe trial was approved by the West Midlands-Solihull National Health Service Research Ethics Committee (16/WM/0309) on 5 August 2016. Findings will be disseminated to the academic community through peer-reviewed publications and presentation at national and international meetings. Parents will be informed of the results through a newsletter in conjunction with a local charity.Trial registration numberISRCTN12923441
Experimental investigation of continuous variable quantum teleportation
We report the experimental demonstration of quantum teleportation of the
quadrature amplitudes of a light field. Our experiment was stably locked for
long periods, and was analyzed in terms of fidelity, F; and with signal
transfer, T_{q}=T^{+}+T^{-}, and noise correlation, V_{q}=V_{in|out}^{+}
V_{in|out}^{-}. We observed an optimum fidelity of 0.64 +/- 0.02, T_{q}= 1.06
+/- 0.02 and V_{q} =0.96 +/- 0.10. We discuss the significance of both T_{q}>1
and V_{q}<1 and their relation to the teleportation no-cloning limit.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Aspects of the biology and fisheries of an economically important sparid Dentex macrophthalmus (Bloch 1791) in the Namibe province, Angola
Dentex macrophthalmus is a small, commercially important sparid fish that is abundant in the deeper waters (range 50â500 m) of the Mediterranean Sea (Trunov 1970), the North-West African shelf (Goode and Bean 1896, Fowler 1936), including the Cape Verde and Canary Islands, and the south-eastern Atlantic from the Equator to just south of LĂŒderitz (27°40âČ S) (Trunov 1970). Because of its high abundance, it is of considerable economic importance and is captured in large numbers in both artisanal and commercial fisheries in many countries. Although it is the most important artisanal species along the entire Angolan coast, it is most abundant in the southern region (Kilongo et al. 2007). Despite its economic importance in Angola and elsewhere, relatively little is known on its abundance, fisheries and biology
- âŠ