LCCP Analysis of Energy-Saving Effect of Defaulting to Recirculated Cabin Air in EV Mobile Air Conditioning System

The climate control load is the most significant auxiliary loads present in vehicles today. The peak climate control load of an AC system in sedan can be as large as the engine input power. As the attention on vehicle energy economy is rising worldwide, the energy-saving of mobile air conditioning is becoming more and more important. Most mobile AC systems nowadays draw air from outside the vehicle and cool it to the desired comfort level inside the vehicle. Lots of energy is wasted during this process due to continuously cooling the hotter outside air instead of cooling the “cooler†inside air. Compared to that, defaulting to recirculated cabin air will certainly be energy-saving. Though some studies have revealed the energy saving effectiveness under bench test conditions, it is still unclear how much energy can be saved when mobile AC systems are operated in different climates and driving patterns. The GREEN-MAC-LCCP tool is modelled to evaluate the life cycle climate performance of mobile AC system, and it is well-accepted. This tool is capable of analysing the full cycle of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) of alternative refrigerant systems and different system structures. In this article, the energy-saving effect of defaulting to recirculated cabin air is evaluated using GREEN-MAC-LCCP. It is found that 7%-48% of energy saving can be achieved under the calculated climate conditions

Fabrication of hydrophobic inorganic coatings on natural lotus leaves for nanoimprint stamps

Hydrophobic inorganic films were obtained by direct deposition of copper or silicon onto natural lotus leaves by ion beam sputtering deposition technique. Scanning electron microscopy observations showed a lotus-leaf-like surface structure of the deposited inorganic films. Hydrophobic nature of the inorganic films on lotus leaves had been improved compared to the inorganic films deposited on flat silicon substrates. Water contact angles measured on the lotus-leaf-like copper and silicon films were 136.3 \pm 8{\deg} and 117.8 \pm 4.4{\deg}, respectively. The hydrophobic lotus-leaf-like inorganic films had been repeated used as nanoimprint stamps. Negative structures of lotus-leaf-like inorganic films were obtained on the polystyrene resist layers.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figure

Stability and Hopf Bifurcation Analysis of an Epidemic Model by Using the Method of Multiple Scales

A delayed epidemic model with nonlinear incidence rate which depends on the ratio of the numbers of susceptible and infectious individuals is considered. By analyzing the corresponding characteristic equations, the effects of time delay on the stability of the equilibria are studied. By choosing time delay as bifurcation parameter, the critical value of time delay at which a Hopf bifurcation occurs is obtained. In order to derive the normal form of the Hopf bifurcation, an extended method of multiple scales is developed and used. Then, the amplitude of bifurcating periodic solution and the conditions which determine the stability of the bifurcating periodic solution are obtained. The validity of analytical results is shown by their consistency with numerical simulations

Energy optimal schedules for jobs with multiple active intervals

AbstractIn this paper, we study the scheduling problem of jobs with multiple active intervals. Each job in the problem instance has n(n⩾1) disjoint active time intervals where it can be executed and a workload characterized by the required number of CPU cycles. Previously, people studied multiple interval job scheduling problem where each job must be assigned enough CPU cycles in one of its active intervals. We study a different practical version where the partial work done by the end of an interval remains valid and each job is considered finished if total CPU cycles assigned to it in all its active intervals reach the requirement. The goal is to find a feasible schedule that minimizes energy consumption. By adapting the algorithm for single interval jobs proposed in Yao, Demers and Shenker (1995) [1], one can still obtain an optimal schedule. However, the two phases in that algorithm (critical interval finding and scheduling the critical interval) can no longer be carried out directly. We present polynomial time algorithms to solve the two phases for jobs with multiple active intervals and therefore can still compute the optimal schedule in polynomial time

Well-posedness of the Solution to D-P Equation with Dispersive Term

Abstract: In this paper,we study the D-P equation with dispersive term.By applying Kato's semigroup approach, one can obtain the local well-posedness of the equation in Sobolev space (H s , s > 3 2 ). By using the prior estimates we can obtain the existence of global smooth solutions under the initial value u 0 ∈ H s (R) , s > 3 2

Theoretical study on the reactions of a series of polybromobenzenes with OH radicals：mechanism, kinetics and QSAR

Polybromobenzenes are a kind of monocyclic aromatic flame retardants which are used as a substitute for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCE). In this paper, the reaction mechanism and rate constants for the reaction of OH radicals with a series of polybromobenenes such as hexabromobenzene (HBB), 1,2,4,5-tetrabromobenzenes (1,2,4,5-TeBB), pentabromobenzene (PEBB), pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), pentabromotoluene (PBT) and 2,4,5-tribromotoluene (2,4,5-TrBT) have been investigated by quantum chemical method. The reaction mechanism was obtained at the MPWB1K/6-311+g(3df,2p)//MPWB1K/6-31+g(d,p) level of theory and the rate constants were deduced over the temperature range of 200–370 K using canonical variational transition state (CVT) theory with the small curvature tunneling (SCT) method. The rate constants of OH radicals with HBB, 1,2,4,5-TeBB, PEBB, PBEB, PBT and 2,4,5-TrBT are determined to be 5.72 ×10The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author