Effect of processing methods on qualities of instant whole legume: Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.)

The pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) of variety BSMR-736 was evaluated to study effect of different processing methods on their physical characteristics (bulk density, water absorption, reconstitution time and sedimentation value), chemical characteristics, (moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrate and total ash content) and sensory characteristics (color,  flavor, texture and overall acceptability). The attempts were made to prepare instant whole legume by using different processing techniques like soaking, precooking, frozen storage and cabinet drying. The results showed that, the cooking time of processed whole pigeon pea was found to be reduced significantly compared to cooking of  raw pigeon pea to 14 min by using precooking, frozen storage and drying it by cabinet drying process. Further the effects of these processing methods on physical characteristics of instant whole pigeon peas suggest that the water absorption and the sedimentation value were higher and bulk density was lower compared to raw pigeon pea which indicates selectively lower damage to protein and starch during cabinet drying. The proximate composition of prepared instant whole pigeon pea by different methods indicates that there were no major changes except to moisture and total ash content

Effect of processing methods on qualities of instant whole legume: Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.)

The pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) of variety BSMR-736 was evaluated to study effect of different processing methods on their physical characteristics (bulk density, water absorption, reconstitution time and sedimentation value), chemicalcharacteristics, (moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrate and total ash content) and sensory characteristics (color, flavor, texture and overall acceptability). The attempts were made to  repare instant whole legume by using different processingtechniques like soaking, precooking, frozen storage and cabinet drying. The results showed that, the cooking time of processed whole pigeon pea was found tobe reduced significantly compared to cooking of raw pigeon pea to 14 min by using precooking, frozen storage and drying it by cabinet drying process. Further the effects of these processing methods on physical characteristics of instantwhole pigeon peas suggest that the water absorption and the sedimentation value were higher and bulk density was lower compared to raw pigeon pea whichindicates selectively lower damage to protein and starch during cabinet drying. The proximate composition of prepared instant whole pigeon pea by different methods indicates that there were no major changes except to moisture and totalash content

Neuroprotective role of agmatine in prenatal acute ethanol exposure induce alterations in rats

The present study investigates the impact of agmatine, a neuromodulator with neuroprotective and anxiolytic properties, on behavioral changes associated with prenatal ethanol exposure in rats. The research focuses on the vulnerability of adolescents to alcohol-related problems and explores the potential link between prenatal alcohol exposure, anxiety, and adolescent alcohol use. The study also delves into the neurotoxic effects of ethanol on social behavior, cognitive function, and emotional regulation. The pregnant (GD12) Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to ethanol 2.5 g/kg, 20% v/v followed by a second i.p. injection of 1.25 g/kg ethanol and administered agmatine, along with its modulators, during adolescence. The results reveal that prenatal ethanol exposure induces behavioral changes such as increased locomotor activity, anxiety, social interaction deficits, and depression-like behavior. Agmatine administration, particularly at doses of 40 and 80 mg/kg, mitigates these effects, indicating its potential therapeutic role. Moreover, agmatine treatment improves recognition memory impaired by ethanol exposure and reduces oxidative stress, emphasizing its neuroprotective properties. In conclusion, the study suggests that agmatine holds promise in addressing the behavioural and neurochemical alterations induced by prenatal ethanol exposure during adolescence. The findings contribute to understanding the potential therapeutic capabilities of agmatine in mitigating the adverse consequences of early alcohol exposure on brain function and behaviour

Potential Defensive Involvement of Methyl Jasmonate in Oxidative Stress and Its Related Molecular Mechanisms

Jasmonic acid (JA), cytokinins (CK), gibberellins (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET), and salicylic acid (SA) are potent plant stress hormones (phytohormones/PTH). Methyl jasmonate (MeJA), a volatile ester of JA, is derived from the petals of Jasminum grandiflorum (jasmine). The MeJA has been meticulously confirmed for its food, agricultural, and therapeutic uses in the treatment of a range of serious illnesses. Several scientific articles have studied and reported on the role of free radicals in the development of life-threatening clinical illnesses. The inflammatory signaling pathway is triggered by a weak or interfering endogenous antioxidant system, or the elaborated production of free radicals, which causes damage to key cellular components. The current chapter focused on and demonstrated MeJA’s multifunctional role in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory signaling mechanisms such as inhibition of NF-B (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or MAP kinase) pathway inhibition/down-regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators (IL, TNF-), cyclo-oxygenase (COX), and (LOX). The antioxidant effect of MeJA’s interaction with miRNA, transcription of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related 2 (Nfr2), activation of sirtuins (SIRTs), antioxidant and redox signaling pathway were also discussed in the chapter

Hyperspectral Computed Tomographic Imaging Spectroscopy of Vascular Oxygen Gradients in the Rabbit Retina In Vivo

Diagnosis of retinal vascular diseases depends on ophthalmoscopic findings that most often occur after severe visual loss (as in vein occlusions) or chronic changes that are irreversible (as in diabetic retinopathy). Despite recent advances, diagnostic imaging currently reveals very little about the vascular function and local oxygen delivery. One potentially useful measure of vascular function is measurement of hemoglobin oxygen content. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel method of accurately, rapidly and easily measuring oxygen saturation within retinal vessels using in vivo imaging spectroscopy. This method uses a commercially available fundus camera coupled to two-dimensional diffracting optics that scatter the incident light onto a focal plane array in a calibrated pattern. Computed tomographic algorithms are used to reconstruct the diffracted spectral patterns into wavelength components of the original image. In this paper the spectral components of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin are analyzed from the vessels within the image. Up to 76 spectral measurements can be made in only a few milliseconds and used to quantify the oxygen saturation within the retinal vessels over a 10–15 degree field. The method described here can acquire 10-fold more spectral data in much less time than conventional oximetry systems (while utilizing the commonly accepted fundus camera platform). Application of this method to animal models of retinal vascular disease and clinical subjects will provide useful and novel information about retinal vascular disease and physiology

Getting diverse students and staff to talk about equality and social integration issues on higher education campuses in India and the UK

Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

Densities and ultrasonic velocities of binary mixtures of 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5-trioxane + <i style="">n</i>-alcohols at 298.15, 303.15 and 308.15 K

149-155The densities and ultrasonic velocities of binary mixtures of 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5-trioxane + ethanol, 1-propanol and 1-butanol at 298.15, 303.15 and 308.15 K were measured over the whole mole fraction range. Experimental data were used to estimate isentropic compressibility (ks), intermolecular free length (Lf), specific acoustic impedance (Z) and their deviations, such as deviation in isentropic compressibility (ks), excess intermolecular free length (LfE) and excess acoustic impedance (ZE). The results are fitted to a Redlich-Kister equation. The results are discussed in terms of molecular interactions

Ultrasonic velocities and refractive indices of binary mixtures of propylene carbonate + <i style="">n</i>-alkanols

909-916The densities, ultrasonic velocities and refractive indices of binary mixtures of propylene carbonate + ethanol, n-propanol and n-butanol at 298.15, 303.15 and 308.15 K have been measured over the whole mole fraction range. Experimental data have been used to estimate the isentropic compressibility (Ks), intermolecular free length (Lf), specific acoustic impedance (Z), polarizability ( ) and their deviations excess isentropic compressibility (KsE), excess intermolecular free length (LfE), excess acoustic impedance (ZE) and excess refractive index (nD). The results have been fitted to Redlich-Kister equation and discussed in terms of molecular interactions