Redesign e LIBRAS pela Educação e Acessibilidade Digital de Alunos Surdos

This article aims to present the redesign process of the digital educational material ”Primeiro, Aprender! Digital”, adapted for students who carry hearing impairment, by showing the strategies used in order to make modifications in its interface, so that it meets the specific needs of this public. A pilot version of the material was created and named “Primeiro, Aprender! Digital com Libras”, which is in tests phase, to verify wheter the adjustments contributed to the access of deaf people and, in future, the production of a series of classes based in the original product can be conducted

Neural Representations of Personally Familiar and Unfamiliar Faces in the Anterior Inferior Temporal Cortex of Monkeys

To investigate the neural representations of faces in primates, particularly in relation to their personal familiarity or unfamiliarity, neuronal activities were chronically recorded from the ventral portion of the anterior inferior temporal cortex (AITv) of macaque monkeys during the performance of a facial identification task using either personally familiar or unfamiliar faces as stimuli. By calculating the correlation coefficients between neuronal responses to the faces for all possible pairs of faces given in the task and then using the coefficients as neuronal population-based similarity measures between the faces in pairs, we analyzed the similarity/dissimilarity relationship between the faces, which were potentially represented by the activities of a population of the face-responsive neurons recorded in the area AITv. The results showed that, for personally familiar faces, different identities were represented by different patterns of activities of the population of AITv neurons irrespective of the view (e.g., front, 90° left, etc.), while different views were not represented independently of their facial identities, which was consistent with our previous report. In the case of personally unfamiliar faces, the faces possessing different identities but presented in the same frontal view were represented as similar, which contrasts with the results for personally familiar faces. These results, taken together, outline the neuronal representations of personally familiar and unfamiliar faces in the AITv neuronal population

Behavioral task and Concept.

<p><b>A.</b> Delayed matching-to-sample task based on identification (<i>I-DMS</i>) task, which was a version of the sequential delayed matching-to-sample task; a sample (480 ms) was presented after each monkey fixated a fixation point (<i>FP</i>, 0.2° diameter) that appeared at the center of the display. Then, test (match or non-match 480 ms) stimuli were presented after an inter-stimulus delay (992 ms). Intervening (non-match) stimuli were presented 0 to 3 times until a match finally appeared. Sample faces were always in the frontal view (0°), whereas a test face was one of 7 faces viewed from one of 7 different angles (from the <i>left to right</i> profile: −90, −45, −22.5, 0, 22.5, 45, and 90°). Both animals were required to identify the same person given in the sample; and if the test stimulus was a match, the monkey was trained to push a lever to obtain juice. Eye position was monitored using a scleral search coil during the <i>I-DMS</i> task, and the size of the eye control window was 2.0°. Visual stimuli were in 256 gray scale, 10–15×10–15° in size, and were presented at the center of the display with FP; thus all of the stimuli were within the receptive fields that were mapped before the experiments. <b>B.</b> Schematic description of the paradigm. Four types of comparison were made for the neuronal responses to the match stimuli. In the first comparison (magenta), the correlation coefficients between all possible personally familiar frontal face pairs (6 pairs) and the correlation coefficients between all possible personally familiar and unfamiliar frontal face pairs (16 pairs) were compared with zero. In the second comparison (green), the correlation coefficients between all possible personally unfamiliar frontal face pairs (6 pairs) and the correlation coefficients between all possible personally familiar and unfamiliar frontal face pairs (16 pairs) were compared with zero. In the third comparison (red), the correlation coefficients between all possible personally familiar face pairs of the same facial identity but in different facial views (84 pairs) and the correlation coefficients between all possible personally familiar face pairs of different facial identities in different facial views (252 pairs) were compared with zero. In the fourth comparison (cyan), the correlation coefficients between personally familiar face pairs in the same facial view but of different facial identities (42 pairs) and the correlation coefficients all possible personally familiar face pairs of between different facial views and of different facial identities (252 pairs) were compared with zero.</p

Neuronal population-based similarity measures for facial identity and facial view of personally familiar faces.

<p><b>A.</b> Frequency distribution of the correlation coefficients between the neuronal responses to 2 personally familiar faces possessing the same identity but presented in different views (84 pairs: <i>upper</i>) and frequency distribution of the correlation coefficients between 2 personally familiar faces possessing different identities and presented in different views (252 pairs: <i>lower</i>). <b>B.</b> Frequency distribution of the correlation coefficients between the neuronal responses to 2 personally familiar faces possessing different identities but presented in the same view (42 pairs: <i>upper</i>) and frequency distribution of the correlation coefficients between 2 personally familiar faces possessing different identities and presented in different views (252 pairs: <i>lower</i>).</p

Neuronal population-based similarity measures for personal familiarity and unfamiliarity.

<p><b>A.</b> Frequency distribution of the correlation coefficients between the neuronal responses to 2 personally familiar faces (6 pairs: <i>upper</i>) and frequency distribution of the correlation coefficients between the neuronal responses to a personally familiar and a personally unfamiliar face (16 pairs: <i>lower</i>). Only frontal faces were analyzed. <b>B.</b> Frequency distribution of the correlation coefficients between the neuronal responses to 2 personally unfamiliar faces (6 pairs: <i>upper</i>) and frequency distribution of the correlation coefficients between the neuronal responses to a personally familiar and a personally unfamiliar faces (16 pairs: <i>lower</i>). Only frontal faces were analyzed.</p

Example of an individual AITv neuron.

<p><b>A.</b> Neuronal responses to a personally familiar face during the I-DMS task. Responses to 4 different identities are displayed in rasters, and spike density functions (s.d. = 10 ms) were aligned to the onset of the match (time = 0). Different raster colors indicate the 7 different facial views. Solid lines on the graphs indicate the mean firing rates during the control period (208-ms period before presentation of the sample faces) ± s.d. Different colors in the rasters indicate 7 different facial views. <b>B.</b> Neuronal responses to a personally unfamiliar face during the I-DMS task. Responses to 4 different identities are displayed in rasters and spike density functions with the same conventions as in <b>A.</b> Different colors in the rasters indicate 4 different facial identities. <b>C.</b> Neuronal responses to a personally familiar face of 7 facial views×4 facial identities (<i>left</i>) and those to a personally unfamiliar face of frontal view possessing of 4 facial identities (<i>right</i>), as summarized in the 2D color plot. <b>D.</b> ROC_{personal familiarity/unfamiliarity}, ROC_{best identity, unfamiliar faces}, ROC_{best identity, familiar faces}, and ROC_{best view, familiar faces} curves (red) with 20 ROC surrogates (blue).</p

Morbidade psiquiátrica entre adolescentes em conflito com a lei Psychiatric morbidity among adolescents in conflict with the law

OBJETIVO: Descrever o perfil psiquiátrico, destacando os transtornos em co-morbidade entre os adolescentes em conflito com a lei da Casa de Acolhimento ao Menor (CAM), Salvador-BA, em 2003. MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal, de caráter censitário, em população de 290 jovens cumprindo medidas de privação de liberdade. Utilizaram-se questionário para identificar dados demográficos, sinais e sintomas psicopatológicos e entrevista semi-estruturada para o exame dos adolescentes. RESULTADOS: Perfil sociodemográfico: 89,3% sexo masculino; 63,9% entre 15 e 18 anos incompletos; 95,1% com ensino fundamental incompleto ou analfabeto; 67,6% com renda familiar menor que um salário mínimo e 54% naturais da capital do estado da Bahia. Dos 290 indivíduos, 24,8% não apresentaram transtornos mentais e 75,2% preencheram critérios para um ou mais transtornos psiquiátricos de acordo com a décima revisão da Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID-10). Entre os 218 jovens portadores de patologia, 47,7% apresentaram transtornos em co-morbidade.Aassociação de patologia mais prevalente foi entre transtornos de conduta e transtornos por uso nocivo de substância psicoativa (13,4%). Transtornos hipercinéticos só foram freqüentes quando associados a outras condições (10,7%). O uso nocivo de substância psicoativa foi identificado em combinação com os diversos quadros psiquiátricos. CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se alta taxa de co-morbidade psiquiátrica, sugerindo a necessidade de estratégias terapêuticas específicas entre jovens portadores de transtornos mentais envolvidos com a justiça.<br>OBJECTIVE: To describe the psychiatric profile, with emphasis on psychiatric comorbidities, of adolescents in conflict with the law interned on Casa de Acolhimento ao Menor (CAM), Salvador, Bahia, 2003. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional census study that enrolled a population of 290 adolescents kept on a deprivation of liberty regimen. Aquestionnaire was used to collect demographic and psychosocial data as well as psychopathologic signs and symptoms, and a semi-structured interview was carried out on the examination of the enrolled adolescents. RESULTS: Social-demographic profile: male (89.3%); between 15 and 18 years (63.9%), analphabets or had not completed the basic school years (95.1%); monthly family income below one minimum salary (67.6%). Among the 290 enrolled adolescents, 24.8% had no mental disturbance, while 75.2% fulfilled criteria to one or more psychiatric disorders according to ICD-10. Out of 218 adolescents who had at least one diagnosis, 47.7% had comorbidity disorders. The commonest association of conditions was between behavioral disorders and the noxious use of psychoactive drugs (13.4%). Hyperkinetic disorders are only frequent when associated with other conditions (10.7%). The noxious use of psychoactive drugs was also shown to be present, being noted in association with diverse psychiatric conditions. CONCLUSION: Ahigh rate of psychiatric comorbidity was found, suggesting the need for specific therapeutic approaches to aid adolescents with psychiatric conditions and in conflict with the law