Comparison Between Simulated and Observational Results of Galaxy Formation for Large Scale Structures

The Millennium simulation is the largest numerical simulation of how minor fluctuations in the density of the universe’s dark matter distribution are amplified by gravity to develop into the large scale structures(LSS) and galaxy clusters seen today(Springel et al. 2005). Although the simulations have been compared with the astronomical observations of the local universe, the simulations have not been widely compared with high redshift, early universe observations. In our study we compare the simulation data(Wang et al. 2008; Guo et al. 2008(in preparation)) for the first time with observations from the COSMOS survey(Scoville et al. 2006). Three quantities are proposed to characterize the structures and the structures distribution, namely the percent area occupied by LSS at each redshift, the average area of LSS and the shapes as characterized by the square root of the area divided by the circumference. We calculate these quantities for both the observations and the simulations, and quantify discrepancies between the existing simulations and observations. In particular, the simulations exhibit earlier development of dense structures than is seen in the observational data

Erratum: First-principles study on the intrinsic stability of the magic Fe13O8 Cluster [Phys. Rev. B 61, 5781 (2000)]

See Also: Original Article: Q. Sun, Q. Wang, K. Parlinski, J. Z. Yu, Y. Hashi, X. G. Gong, and Y. Kawazoe, First-principles studies on the intrinsic stability of the magic Fe13O8 cluster, Phys. Rev. B 61, 5781 (2000)

Markierungsverfahren zur Synthese 4-[18F]Fluorprolyl-haltiger Peptide

The requirement of selective radiopharmaceuticals for PET-diagnostics necessitates the development of new labelling methods taking into account the substantial and structural diversity of the compounds to be labelled . Therefore different concepts for $^{18}$F-fluorination of peptides, which are increasingly important as pharmaceuticals, via proline moieties were explored and evaluated in this work. The direct nucleophilic kryptate based $^{18}$F-fluorination of the model peptide Z-Pro-Leu-Gly-4- (4R)-(TsO)Pro-OMe showed, that the peptide is not stable under the basic labelling conditions, and as a result the $^{18}$F-fluorination is not possible. Perfluorbutane-l-sulfonyl[ $^{18}$F]fluoride is a possible reagent for $^{18}$F-fluorination of sensitive hydroxy groups containing biomolecules due to the mild reaction conditions at which aliphatic alcohols are fluorinated by this reagent. By kryptate catalysed, nucleophilic $^{18}$F-fluorination of N,N-bis(perfluorobutane-l-sulfonyl)aniline and evaporation of the active product no-carrier-added perfluorobutane-l-sulfonyl[ $^{18}$F]fluoride can be achieved either dissolved in toluene (RCY: 83 ± 3 %) or adsorbed an a polystyrole-matrix (LiChrolut$^{®}$ EN) with a total yield of 75 ± 6 %. In the presence of an equimolar amount of perfluorobutane-1-sulfonylfluoride as carrier N-Boc-Hyp- OMe can be $^{18}$F-fluorinated with a radiochemical yield of > 90 % and the two model peptides Z-Pro- Leu-Gly-Hyp-OMe and Z-Gly-Leu-Hyp-Gly-Leu-OMe with 40 - 45 % and 30 - 35 %, while in the case of no-carrier-added synthesis only ca. 1 % of the $^{18}$F-fluoroproduct is obtained . The necessary addition of perfluorobutane-l-sulfonylfluoride carrier allows naturally only the synthesis of radiotracers with low molar activity. For performance of the $^{18}$F-fluorination via perfluorobutane-l-sulfonyl[ $^{18}$F]fluoride of the model peptide N-Boc-Hyp-Leu-OH, which is covalently bound to a Wang resin via the C-terminus, the $^{18}$F-fluorination reagent is prepared in absence of a solvent and adsorbed an the Wang resin with a yield of 31 ± 3 %, based on [$^{18}$F]fluoride. The subsequent $^{18}$F-fluorination of the peptide, which was done in the presence of an equimolar amount of perfluorobutane-1-sulfonylfluoride, proceeds with a radiochemical yield of merely 4 ± 1 %. Altematively, the condensation of 4-[$^{18}$F]fluoroproline-methylester via TBTU at the C-terminus of Z-Pro-Leu-Gly-OH could be carried out under no-carrrier-added conditions with a radiochemical yield of 70 - 80 %. The required 4-[$^{18}$F]fluoroproline-methylester could be achieved with a radiochemical yield of 30 - 40 % by $^{18}$F-substitution of N-Boc-trans-4-(ptoluenesulfonyloxy)- proline-methylester, by which the trans-product is also formed in addition to the cis-product, and the cleavage of the Boc group. As a result of these studies another prosthetic group is available for no-carrier-added labelling of peptides

Gender and Corruption – insights from China

Rozdział z: The Quandaries and Foreign Development, ed. D. Mierzejewski, “Contemporary Asian Studies Series

A note on stability for maximal FF-free graphs

Popielarz, Sahasrabudhe and Snyder in 2018 proved that maximal $K_{r+1}$-free graphs with $(1-\frac{1}{r})\frac{n^2}{2}-o(n^{\frac{r+1}{r}})$ edges contain a complete $r$-partite subgraph on $n-o(n)$ vertices. This was very recently extended to odd cycles in place of $K_3$ by Wang, Wang, Yang and Yuan. We further extend it to some other 3-chromatic graphs, and obtain some other stability results along the way.Comment: 10 page

Comments on "Basic properties of Rayleigh surface wave propagation along curved surfaces", by F. Jin, Z. Wang, K. Kishimoto, International Journal of Engineering Science 43 (2005) 250-261

In this ‘Letter to the Editor’, it is demonstrated that the main results obtained in the work ‘‘Basic properties of Rayleigh surface wave propagation along curved surfaces”, by F. Jin, Z. Wang, K. Kishimoto, International Journal of Engineering Science, 43 (2005) 250–261, have been established ten years earlier

Correction: Lone pair driven anisotropy in antimony chalcogenide semiconductors

Correction for 'Lone pair driven anisotropy in antimony chalcogenide semiconductors' by Xinwei Wang et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2022, 24, 7195-7202, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1CP05373F