Coolant passage fin heat transfer and pressure drop performance

Coolant passage fin heat transfer and pressure drop in hypersonic research engine test

The client’s explicit expression of anger towards their therapist: a grounded theory study of female trainee therapists

This study aimed to understand the client’s experience of explicitly expressing anger towards their therapist. This research developed from there being little existing knowledge about these experiences from the client’s perspective, even though they are seen to present some of the most challenging experiences in the therapeutic setting. The research was conducted through interviewing 9 female therapy clients using semi-structured interviews and carrying out the analysis using constructivist grounded theory. The research found there were different processes at play that were present within the therapeutic relationship leading up to the explicit expression. The anger was experienced in relation to other emotions and was expressed in several different ways, resulting in mixed outcomes to the expression of anger. Different responses from both the therapist and the client that were facilitative in enabling or disabling them to try to work through these anger events were identified. At moments of the explicit expression of anger, the therapist and client could get caught up in detrimental negative interactional cycles, which served to close down the therapeutic space or lead to a lack of connection through withdrawal. Consequentially there was little space for affective attunement and reflective dialogue, shaped by a rigid and detached stance, lack of humility, distancing interpretations and uncontained emotional or personal responses. However, in contrast, if the therapist and client were able to remain emotionally connected to one another during the explicit expression of anger and contain the process and engage in a reflective dialogue this could open up the therapeutic space to beneficial effect

Telespectrograph Patent

Telespectrograph for analyzing upper atmosphere by tracking bodies reentering atmosphere at high velocitie

The AF structure of non commutative toroidal Z/4Z orbifolds

For any irrational theta and rational number p/q such that q|qtheta-p|<1, a projection e of trace q|qtheta-p| is constructed in the the irrational rotation algebra A_theta that is invariant under the Fourier transform. (The latter is the order four automorphism U mapped to V, V mapped to U^{-1}, where U, V are the canonical unitaries generating A_theta.) Further, the projection e is approximately central, the cut down algebra eA_theta e contains a Fourier invariant q x q matrix algebra whose unit is e, and the cut downs eUe, eVe are approximately inside the matrix algebra. (In particular, there are Fourier invariant projections of trace k|qtheta-p| for k=1,...,q.) It is also shown that for all theta the crossed product A_theta rtimes Z_4 satisfies the Universal Coefficient Theorem. (Z_4 := Z/4Z.) As a consequence, using the Classification Theorem of G. Elliott and G. Gong for AH-algebras, a theorem of M. Rieffel, and by recent results of H. Lin, we show that A_theta rtimes Z_4 is an AF-algebra for all irrational theta in a dense G_delta.Comment: 35 page

Planning for Excellence: Insights from an International Review of Regulators’ Strategic Plans

What constitutes regulatory excellence? Answering this question is an indispensable first step for any public regulatory agency that is measuring, striving towards, and, ultimately, achieving excellence. One useful way to answer this question would be to draw on the broader literature on regulatory design, enforcement, and management. But, perhaps a more authentic way would be to look at how regulators themselves define excellence. However, we actually know remarkably little about how the regulatory officials who are immersed in the task of regulation conceive of their own success. In this Article, we investigate regulators’ definitions of regulatory excellence by drawing on a unique source of data that provides an important window on regulators’ own aspirations: their strategic plans. Strategic plans have been required or voluntarily undertaken for the past decade or longer by regulators around the globe. In these plans, regulators offer mission statements, strategic goals, and measurable and achievable outcomes, all of which indicate what regulators value and are striving to become. Occasionally, they even state explicitly where they have fallen short of “best-in-class” status and how they intend to improve. To date, a voluminous literature exists examining agency practices in strategic planning, but we are aware of no study that tries to glean from the substance of a sizeable number of plans how regulators themselves construe regulatory excellence. The main task of this Article is undertaking this effort. This Article draws on twenty plans from different regulators in nine countries. We found most generally that excellent regulators describe themselves (though not necessarily using exactly these words) as institutions that are more (1) efficient, (2) educative, (3) multiplicative, (4) proportional, (5) vital, (6) just, and (7) honest. In addition to these seven shared attribute categories, our reading of the plans also revealed five other “unusual” attributes that only one or two agencies mentioned. Beyond merely cataloguing the attributes identified by agencies, this Article also discusses commonalities (and differences) between plan structures, emphases, and framings. We found that the plans differed widely in features such as the specificity of their mission statements, the extent to which they emphasized actions over outcomes (or vice versa), and the extent to which commitments were organized along organizational fiefdoms or cut across bureaucratic lines. We urge future scholarship to explore alternative methods of text mining, and to study strategic plans over time within agencies, in order to track how agencies’ notions of regulatory excellence respond to changes in the regulatory context and the larger circumstances within which agencies operate. Looking longitudinally will also shed light on how agencies handle strategic goals that are either met or that prove to be unattainable

Recent trends in the incidence of anxiety diagnoses and symptoms in primary care.

Anxiety is common, with significant morbidity, but little is known about presentations and recording of anxiety diagnoses and symptoms in primary care. This study aimed to determine trends in incidence and socio-demographic variation in General Practitioner (GP) recorded diagnoses of anxiety, mixed anxiety/depression, panic and anxiety symptoms

Reliability of the modified Rankin Scale: a systematic review

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Background and Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; A perceived weakness of the modified Rankin Scale is potential for interobserver variability. We undertook a systematic review of modified Rankin Scale reliability studies.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Two researchers independently reviewed the literature. Crossdisciplinary electronic databases were interrogated using the following key words: Stroke*; Cerebrovasc*; Modified Rankin*; Rankin Scale*; Oxford Handicap*; Observer variation*. Data were extracted according to prespecified criteria with decisions on inclusion by consensus.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; From 3461 titles, 10 studies (587 patients) were included. Reliability of modified Rankin Scale varied from weighted κ=0.95 to κ=0.25. Overall reliability of mRS was κ=0.46; weighted κ=0.90 (traditional modified Rankin Scale) and κ=0.62; weighted κ=0.87 (structured interview).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; There remains uncertainty regarding modified Rankin Scale reliability. Interobserver studies closest in design to large-scale clinical trials demonstrate potentially significant interobserver variability.&lt;/p&gt