5 research outputs found
Remediation of fungicide residues on fresh produce by use of gaseous ozone
No full textOzone fumigation was explored as a means for degrading organic fungicide residues on fresh produce. Fungicides sorbed onto model abiotic glass surfaces or onto grape berries were fumigated separately in a flow-through chamber. Gaseous ozone at a constant concentration of 150 ± 10 ppmv (μL•L -1) selectively oxidized fungicides sorbed to model surfaces. Over 140 min, boscalid and iprodione levels did not change significantly based on a single-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the 95% level of confidence (p = 0.05); however, pseudo-first-order losses resulted in observable rate constants of ozonolysis, k ozonolysis (min -1), of 0.0233 ± 0.0029 (t 1/2 ≈ 29.7 min), 0.0168 ± 0.0028 (t 1/2 ≈ 41.3 min), and 0.0127 ± 0.0010 (t 1/2 ≈ 54.6 min) for fenhexamid, cyprodinil, and pyrimethanil, respectively. The relative degradation of fungicides on berries at gaseous ozone concentrations of 900 ± 12 ppmv (μL•L -1) over 2 h was similar to that on glass; decreases in residue concentration were observed for only fenhexamid (∼64%), cyprodinil (∼38%), and pyrimethanil (∼35%) with corresponding k ozonolysis (min -1) of 0.0085 ± 0.0021 (t 1/2 ≈ 81.5 min), 0.0039 ± 0.0008 (t 1/2 ≈ 177.7 min), and 0.0036 ± 0.0007 (t 1/2 ≈ 192.5 min). Heterogeneous rate constants of gaseous ozone reacting with a sorbed fungicide, k O3(M -1•min -1), were calculated for both surfaces and indicate losses proceed ∼15-fold slower on grapes. The kinetics and mechanism of fungicide removal, supported by gas chromatography- and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry product analyses, is discussed in the context of facilitating compliance with maximum residue level (MRL) tolerances for fresh produce. © 2011 American Chemical Society
Effect of continuous 0.3µL/L gaseous ozone exposure on fungicide residues on table grape berries
No full textThe persistence of residues of some fungicides, commonly applied in table grape vineyards to reduce bunch rot, was investigated during the cold storage of 'Thompson Seedless' table grape stemmed berries in atmospheres of air or 0.3 µL/L ozone enriched air. Grape berries were sprayed with a mixture of boscalid, iprodione, fenhexamid, cyprodinil, and pyrimethanil solutions, dried in air for 24. h, and packed in plastic clamshell containers in expanded polystyrene boxes. The boxes were stored either in ozone or in ambient air atmosphere (2 °C, 95% RH) for 36. d. Residue analyses were done initially and at 12-d intervals using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Residues of boscalid, iprodione, fenhexamid, and pyrimethanil declined during storage in air, but cyprodinil residues did not change significantly during 36-d storage. Storage in the ozone atmosphere markedly accelerated the rates of decline of fenhexamid, cyprodinil, and pyrimethanil, but not those of boscalid or iprodione. At the end of storage, degradation of fenhexamid, cyprodinil, or pyrimethanil was 1.6-, 2.8-, or 3.6-fold higher, respectively, in the ozone atmosphere compared that in air. Despite their structural similarity, pyrimethanil declined more rapidly in an ozone atmosphere than cyprodinil. Fenhexamid declined in both air and ozone more rapidly than the other fungicides; at the end of storage period, only 59.2% or 35.5% of the initial residue remained after air or ozone storage, respectively. Our results have shown that gaseous ozone treatment during storage has a great potential for degrading contemporary fungicides related to table grape production. © 2011 Elsevier B.V
