Characteristics of European family and household systems

Es wird untersucht, wie sich die Haushalte in verschiedenen Teilen Europas zusammensetzen und welche Unterschiede und Ähnlichkeiten sie aufweisen. Dabei verschiebt sich die Frage nach der Haushaltsstruktur auf die Frage, inwieweit die verschiedenen Familiensysteme die Verantwortung für ihre bedürftigen - unverheirateten, verwitweten, alten - Mitglieder übernehmen. Das westeuropäische Heiratsmuster und das nordwesteuropäische Haushaltsmuster werden beschrieben. Drei Fallstudien werden vorgelegt: (1) Der einfache Familienhaushalt in England 1790; (2) die Koexistenz von Verheirateten und Unverheirateten im Kleinhaushalt in Korsika 1770; (3) der Mehr-Generationen-Haushalt in Ungarn 1816. Die Ergebnisse werden grafisch veranschaulicht. Es zeigt sich, daß englische Haushalte, im Gegensatz zu korsischen oder ungarischen, ihre Wohlfahrtsfunktion auch über die Kernfamilie hinaus ausübten. So wird nachgewiesen, daß die übliche Klassifikation nach Verwandtschaftsverhältnissen in einfache und komplexe Haushalte, die tatsächliche Vielfalt an Haushaltsgrößen und Zusammensetzungen ihrer Mitglieder nicht erfaßt. (prf)'This article establishes that there was considerable diversity in the size and composition of the kin group within the household that is not captured by the conventional classification of family systems according to the relative proportions of simple and complex household forms. Three case studies are presented from England, Corsica and Hungary. English households fulfilled an important welfare role in that they incorporated relatives and non-relatives who were not members of core families (couples or parent(s) and unmarried child(ren). The societies of Corsica and Hungary provided a greater proportion of their populations with membership of a core family.' (author's abstract

At-Will Employment in Washington: A Review of \u3cem\u3eThompson v. SL Regis Paper Co.\u3c/em\u3e and Its Progeny

The purpose of this Article is to examine the nature and origin of the issues now being faced by Washington courts in the area of at will employment and to argue that the well-established legal principles governing other kinds of contracts be consistently applied to at will employment contracts. This will result in a proper balance between the desire to protect at will employees from unfair termination and the need to allow employers the freedom to make decisions in the hiring and termination of at will employees without undue interference. This Article will first review the historical development of the at will rule from English common law through the significant Washington state cases leading up to the Thompson decision. Next, the Thompson case will be analyzed with particular emphasis on the employee handbook exception to the at will rule. The Article will then discuss cases decided after Thompson and the manner in which the courts have attempted to resolve some of the questions raised by the Thompson opinion. The probable effects of an expansive interpretation of the Thompson handbook exception on employer-employee relations will be considered in light of the actions employers may take to avoid liability and exposure to Thompson-type claims by discharged employees. Finally, the Article will argue that the consistent adherence to established contract law principals in the application of Thompson will benefit both employers and employees by providing adequate protection against unjust dismissal of at will employees while, at the same time, enhancing the ability of employers to communicate with their at will employees

Process Factors Affecting Reperfusion Time in Patients Presenting with ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)

Abstract PROCESS FACTORS AFFECTING REPERFUSION TIME IN PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (STEMI) By Richard R. Wall MSRS, RT(R)(CT)(CI), RCIS A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2020. Dissertation Chair: Jeffrey S. Legg Ph.D. Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Radiation Sciences An ST-segment myocardial infarction (STEMI) occurs when the blood flow to the myocardium is suddenly and completely blocked causing the myocardium to become ischemic. A STEMI is a life-threatening condition that necessitates emergent medical treatment. Research has shown that longer reperfusion times are associated with negative patient outcomes. Therefore, time is critical in the treatment of a STEMI. The purpose of this study was to analyze the process factors involved with the identification and treatment of a STEMI and to develop statistical models to determine which factors have a statistically significant impact on reperfusion times at both the overall and individual facility levels. Retrospective data, covering a three-year period, was collected from four hospitals in the Las Vegas area. A total of 647 cases were analyzed using multiple xiii regression analysis. The results of these analyses established overall and individual facility level models for both Door to balloon time (D2B) and First medical contact to balloon time (FMC). The results showed that the process factors Prehospital STEMI activation, Cardiologist arrival time, Lifesaving measures, Door to ECG time, Regular versus off hours, Critical diagnostics exams, and Door to first MD time all had a statistically significant impact on Door to balloon time while accounting for over 40% of the explained variance. The process factors EMS transport time, Prehospital STEMI activation, Cardiologist arrival time, Lifesaving measures, Door to ECG time, Regular versus off hours, and Critical diagnostics exams all had a statically significant impact on First medical contact to balloon times while accounting for nearly 60% of the explained variance. At the individual facility level, the process factors Prehospital STEMI activation, Door to ECG time, and cardiologist arrival time were present and accounted for significant amounts of the explained variance in nearly all models. Other statistically significant process factors that appeared in only a few models included Regular versus off hours, Lifesaving measures, Critical diagnostic exams, and Cath lab team arrival time

Studies in Bicyclic Compounds

Part I : Synthetic approaches to allohimachalol 2-(gamma-formylbutyl )-2,6,6-trimethylcycloheptanone was synthesised in six steps from tetrahydroeucarvone. Attempts to effect aldol cyclisation to 1,5,5,8-tetromethylbicyclo (4.4.1) undec-7-en-11-one, which has already been related to the naturally occurring sesquiterpene alcohol allohimachalol, were unsuccessful. Other approaches afforded a variety of compounds, in particular, a number of bicyclo (4.3.1) decanes derived from 1,5,5-trimethyl-8-oxabicyclo(5.4.0) undec-6-en-9-one. Part II : Studies in the 3-azabicyclo(3.3.1)nonane system The reported procedure for the syntheses of a small number of 6-substituted 1,5-dinitro-3-raethyl-3-azabicyclo(3.3.1)non-6-enes was extended to provide a wide range of 6- and 7-substituted analogues, the structures of which have been rigorously proved by chemical and spectroscopic methods. Initial difficulty in assigning certain NMR signals of these compounds led to a study of the NMR shifts of protons alpha and beta to the nitrogen atom in simple amines and amine picrates. Some correlation between structure and magnitude of shift was observed. The scope of the reaction sequence leading to these compounds was thoroughly investigated, and a number of 3-unsubstituted, 3-ethyl, and 3-benzyl analogues prepared. In particular, this made available several 3-substituted 1,5-(dinitro-3-azabicyclo(3.3.1)nonan-7-ones, IR studies of which established the absence of interaction between the amine and carbonyl functions. Evidence was presented confirming reported findings of the chair-chair conformation of the 3-azabicyclo(3.3.1)nonane system