Figure-8 Tachycardia Confined to the Anterior Wall of the Left Atrium

Incisional atrial tachycardias have been described most frequently in patients with previous corrective surgery for congenital heart defects and mitral valve disease. Less information is available on atrial tachycardias appearing late after isolated aortic valve surgery. We report the case of a patient who developed a left figure-8 tachycardia after undergoing aortic valve replacement. During electrophysiologic study the entire cycle length of the tachycardia was mapped within a low voltage area confined to the left anterior atrial wall. However, during ablation a transmural lesion could not be attained. The mapping and ablation strategy along with the mechanism of the tachycardia are discussed

Den förtalades processrättsliga hinder

Att ha förtalat någon är att ha begått ett brott. Men processrätten kring förtalsbrottet skiljer sig från vanliga brott. Om brottet varit tillräckligt kvalificerat tar åklagare över åtalet som ett allmänt åtal men om det inte nått upp till denna gräns har det ålegat den enskilde att väcka åtal. Det är främst den typen av brott som inte nått upp till gränsen för allmänt åtal som denna uppsats tagit sikte på. För den typ av förtal är processrätten kantad av hinder som försvårar möjligheterna till upprättelse för den utsatte. Det finns framförallt två hinder som den enskilde måste överkommit för att gärningspersonen ska ha blivit straffad för sin brottsliga gärning. Det första hindret är att förtal åtalas av målsägande. Det medför att den enskilde själv ska utrett brottet och agerat åklagare i rättegången. Dessutom måste den ha riskerat att bli betalningsskyldig för rättegångskostnaderna eftersom att det varit civilrättsliga regler som bestämt kostnadsfördelningen. Detta hinder diskuteras ur ett rättssäkerhetsperspektiv och det utreds huruvida det är lämpligt att föra in brottet under allmänt åtal. Det andra hindret är att förtalsuppgiften oftast blivit offentlig i samband med att den förts in i rättegången. Generellt kommer förtalsuppgiften att ha varit väldigt integritetskänslig, det är nämligen spridningen av denna uppgift som utgjort själva brottet. Det finns viss möjlighet till sekretessbeläggning av förtalsuppgiften. Då ska intresset för sekretessbeläggning ha blivit vägt mot intresset för insyn och JO har uttalat att domstolar ska vara restriktiva i sin bedömning. Hindret diskuteras ur ett rättssäkerhetsperspektiv och det utreds om det är möjligt att meddela sekretess som utgångspunkt. Uppsatsen har resulterat i ställningstagandet att det enda sättet att uppnå materiell rättssäkerhet är att placera förtalsbrottet under allmänt åtal. Sekretess för förtalsuppgiften som utgångspunkt anser jag däremot kräva en för stor uppoffring av insynsintresset för att det ska vara motiverat med en sådan ändring.To have slandered someone is to have committed a crime. But the procedure surrounding the crime of slander differs from regular crimes. If the crime is considered qualifying enough a prosecutor will take over the case as general prosecution but if the crime hasn’t lived up to that level it’s up to the individual to arouse individual prosecution. It’s mainly the type of offense that doesn’t qualify for general prosecution that this paper is focused on. For this type of slander the procedure is bordered with obstacles which complicates the possibilities of reparation for the victim. There are mainly two obstacles which the victim will have to have overcame for the offender to be punished for his wrongful act. The first obstacle is that slander is to be prosecuted by the individual. This entails that the individual will have to have investigated the crime and acted out the role of prosecutor in the trial. The individual also must have taken the risk of becoming obliged to repay the costs of the trial because it is civil rules which decides the division of the costs. This obstacle is discussed out of a rule of law perspective and it is investigated whether or not it is suitable to place the crime under general prosecution. The second obstacle is that the information that constitutes the slander often becomes public when it’s been brought into the trial. Generally, this information is privacy sensitive for the individual as it is the spread of this information that constitutes the crime. There is a certain possibility to classify the information. But it requires that the interest of classifying has been weighed against the interest of transparency and JO has stated that the courts are to be restrictive in their assessment. The obstacle is being discussed out of a rule of law perspective and it is investigated whether or not it is possible to classify the information that constitutes the slander as a starting point. This thesis has resulted in the position that the only way to achieve material rule of law is to place the crime of slander under general prosecution. I consider classifying the information that constitutes the slander as a starting point is demanding too big of a sacrifice of the transparency for it to be motivated with such a change

図書連携協議会の動き

This thesis describes teh solution of two problems regarding safety on powered lawnmowers; protectning the users from injury when using the lawnmower in slopes, and when cleaning the cutting blade. The task was carried out through initial studies on a representative lawnmower. A generation of ideas followed with an evaluation to select the best solution. The winning concept was further developed to reach acceptable performance. The word resulted in a functioning prototype utilising an original way of detecting inclinations without incorrect signals. It c an serve as a platform for further development into a product. The work gives insightful experience of solving real-world problems, and especially to deal with situations where several variables and their effects are unknown Please note that several parts of the work are confidential, and have therefore been removed from the thesis

The CHD remodeling factor Hrp1 stimulates CENP-A loading to centromeres

Centromeres of fission yeast are arranged with a central core DNA sequence flanked by repeated sequences. The centromere-associated histone H3 variant Cnp1 (SpCENP-A) binds exclusively to central core DNA, while the heterochromatin proteins and cohesins bind the surrounding outer repeats. CHD (chromo-helicase/ATPase DNA binding) chromatin remodeling factors were recently shown to affect chromatin assembly in vitro. Here, we report that the CHD protein Hrp1 plays a key role at fission yeast centromeres. The hrp1Δ mutant disrupts silencing of the outer repeats and central core regions of the centromere and displays chromosome segregation defects characteristic for dysfunction of both regions. Importantly, Hrp1 is required to maintain high levels of Cnp1 and low levels of histone H3 and H4 acetylation at the central core region. Hrp1 interacts directly with the centromere in early S-phase when centromeres are replicated, suggesting that Hrp1 plays a direct role in chromatin assembly during DNA replication

Совершенствование системы обеспечения качества образовательного процесса на основе модели «Университет 3.0»

ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ МЕДИЦИНСКОЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ПРОЦЕССКАЧЕСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯУНИВЕРСИТЕТ 3.0УНИВЕРСИТЕТЫ /ТЕНДЕНЦИИМОДЕЛИ ОБУЧЕНИ

Radiofrequency Ablation as Initial Therapy in Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Background There are limited data comparing radiofrequency catheter ablation with antiarrhythmic drug therapy as first-line treatment in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Methods We randomly assigned 294 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and no history of antiarrhythmic drug use to an initial treatment strategy of either radiofrequency catheter ablation (146 patients) or therapy with class IC or class III antiarrhythmic agents (148 patients). Follow-up included 7-day Holter-monitor recording at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Primary end points were the cumulative and per-visit burden of atrial fibrillation (i.e., percentage of time in atrial fibrillation on Holter-monitor recordings). Analyses were performed on an intention-to-treat basis. Results There was no significant difference between the ablation and drug-therapy groups in the cumulative burden of atrial fibrillation (90th percentile of arrhythmia burden, 13% and 19%, respectively; P = 0.10) or the burden at 3, 6, 12, or 18 months. At 24 months, the burden of atrial fibrillation was significantly lower in the ablation group than in the drug-therapy group (90th percentile, 9% vs. 18%; P = 0.007), and more patients in the ablation group were free from any atrial fibrillation (85% vs. 71%, P = 0.004) and from symptomatic atrial fibrillation (93% vs. 84%, P = 0.01). One death in the ablation group was due to a procedure-related stroke; there were three cases of cardiac tamponade in the ablation group. In the drug-therapy group, 54 patients (36%) underwent supplementary ablation. Conclusions In comparing radiofrequency ablation with antiarrhythmic drug therapy as first-line treatment in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, we found no significant difference between the treatment groups in the cumulative burden of atrial fibrillation over a period of 2 years. (Funded by the Danish Heart Foundation and others; MANTRA-PAF ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00133211.

The DNA-binding domain of the Chd1 chromatin-remodelling enzyme contains SANT and SLIDE domains

The ATP-dependent chromatin-remodelling enzyme Chd1 is a 168-kDa protein consisting of a double chromodomain, Snf2-related ATPase domain, and a C-terminal DNA-binding domain. Here, we show the DNA-binding domain is required for Saccharomyces cerevisiae Chd1 to bind and remodel nucleosomes. The crystal structure of this domain reveals the presence of structural homology to SANT and SLIDE domains previously identified in ISWI remodelling enzymes. The presence of these domains in ISWI and Chd1 chromatin-remodelling enzymes may provide a means of efficiently harnessing the action of the Snf2-related ATPase domain for the purpose of nucleosome spacing and provide an explanation for partial redundancy between these proteins. Site directed mutagenesis was used to identify residues important for DNA binding and generate a model describing the interaction of this domain with DNA. Through inclusion of Chd1 sequences in homology searches SLIDE domains were identified in CHD6–9 proteins. Point mutations to conserved amino acids within the human CHD7 SLIDE domain have been identified in patients with CHARGE syndrome

Genome-Wide Studies of Histone Demethylation Catalysed by the Fission Yeast Homologues of Mammalian LSD1

In order to gain a more global view of the activity of histone demethylases, we report here genome-wide studies of the fission yeast SWIRM and polyamine oxidase (PAO) domain homologues of mammalian LSD1. Consistent with previous work we find that the two S. pombe proteins, which we name Swm1 and Swm2 (after SWIRM1 and SWIRM2), associate together in a complex. However, we find that this complex specifically demethylates lysine 9 in histone H3 (H3K9) and both up- and down-regulates expression of different groups of genes. Using chromatin-immunoprecipitation, to isolate fragments of chromatin containing either H3K4me2 or H3K9me2, and DNA microarray analysis (ChIP-chip), we have studied genome-wide changes in patterns of histone methylation, and their correlation with gene expression, upon deletion of the swm1+ gene. Using hyper-geometric probability comparisons we uncover genetic links between lysine-specific demethylases, the histone deacetylase Clr6, and the chromatin remodeller Hrp1. The data presented here demonstrate that in fission yeast the SWIRM/PAO domain proteins Swm1 and Swm2 are associated in complexes that can remove methyl groups from lysine 9 methylated histone H3. In vitro, we show that bacterially expressed Swm1 also possesses lysine 9 demethylase activity. In vivo, loss of Swm1 increases the global levels of both H3K9me2 and H3K4me2. A significant accumulation of H3K4me2 is observed at genes that are up-regulated in a swm1 deletion strain. In addition, H3K9me2 accumulates at some genes known to be direct Swm1/2 targets that are down-regulated in the swm1¿ strain. The in vivo data indicate that Swm1 acts in concert with the HDAC Clr6 and the chromatin remodeller Hrp1 to repress gene expression. In addition, our in vitro analyses suggest that the H3K9 demethylase activity requires an unidentified post-translational modification to allow it to act. Thus, our results highlight complex interactions between histone demethylase, deacetylase and chromatin remodelling activities in the regulation of gene expression

Обзор практики создания научно-технических парков

Материалы VII Междунар. межвуз. науч.-техн. конф. студентов, магистрантов и аспирантов,Гомель, 3–4 мая 2007 г