Efeito da vinhaça no desenvolvimento inicial de girassol, mamona e amendoim em casa de vegetação Oilseed crops initial development as influenced by sugarcane vinasse soil application

O trabalho teve como objetivo verificar o efeito da aplicação ao solo da vinhaça, resíduo da indústria canavieira, na emergência de plântulas e no desenvolvimento inicial de girassol, mamona e amendoim - culturas com potencial de utilização na sucessão com a cana-de-açúcar. O experimento foi desenvolvido em vasos com terra, dispostos em blocos ao acaso, sendo cada espécie avaliada individualmente, em esquema fatorial 2 x 3, em quatro repetições. Os tratamentos originaram-se de combinações da aplicação ou não da vinhaça (150 m³ ha-1) sobre três cultivares de girassol (IAC Iarama, Catissol e Hélio 358), de mamona (Guarani, Íris e IAC 2028) e de amendoim (IAC Caiapó, Runner IAC 886 e Tatu). Determinaram-se a velocidade de emergência de plântulas, a primeira contagem e a porcentagem final de emergência, além do comprimento e biomassa seca da parte aérea de plantas, em avaliação realizada aos 30 dias após a semeadura. Os resultados atestam que, sob condições de vegetação, a aplicação de 150 m³ ha-1 de vinhaça ao solo é prejudicial à emergência e ao desenvolvimento inicial de plantas de amendoim e em menor grau, de girassol, independentemente da cultivar estudada; para mamona, a interferência ocorre de forma positiva, principalmente sobre as variáveis relacionadas ao vigor inicial das plântulas, com melhor desempenho das cultivares IAC 2028 e Íris.<br>This research aimed to verify the effect of addition to soil of vinasse, a sugarcane industry residue, on the emergence and initial development of sunflower, castorbean and peanut, which are crops with great potential of taking part of a sugarcane rotation system. The experiment, conducted in pots with soil, was a 2 x 3 factorial in a randomized complete block design, with four replications. The treatments consisted of application or not of 150 m³ha-1 of vinasse on soil sowed with sunflower (IAC-Iarama, Catisol and Hélio 358), castorbean (Guarani, Iris and IAC-2028) and peanut (IAC Caiapó, Runner IAC 886 and Tatu) cultivars. The variables evaluated were emergence speed, first count emergence, final emergence, plant height, and dry plant biomass, measured thirty days after sowing. The results show that germination and initial development of peanuts and, in a lesser degree of sunflower, are negatively influenced by the addition of vinasse to the soil, at greenhouse condition. On the other hand, the effect on castorbean is positive, mainly in relation to the vigor variables, the better performance being showed by 'IAC 2028' and 'Iris'

Changes in seed quality during fruit maturation of sweet pepper

Studies regarding seed maturation are important to determine the ideal fruit development stage for harvesting in order to obtain high-quality seeds. Changes in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seed quality were monitored during seed development in order to identify the stage of maximum quality of the seeds and the optimum harvest date. Fruits harvested from 20 to 75 days after anthesis (DAA) with step of five days were grouped according to maturity stage (green, yellow, red and intense red color outside). Before seed extraction, the fruit weigh, diameter and length were determined. Seed water content, seed dry weight, 1.000-seed weight, germination, first count, speed emergence index, seedling length, accelerated aging and electrical conductivity tests were performed. Mass maturity of the seeds was attained at 75 DAA, when seed water content was 47.3 % and the fruits were red. Sweet pepper seeds with high germination and vigour should be harvested when fruits are completely red outside, at 75 DAA