Eine bibliometrische Analyse. 10 Jahre Frühe Bildung

Anlässlich des zehnten Jubiläums der Zeitschrift skizziert der Beitrag die Wirkung der Zeitschrift anhand bibliometrischer Analysen. Die deskriptiven Analysen geben einen Überblick über die Autor_innen und Beitragsarten der Zeitschrift. Referenzanalysen zeigen das wissenschaftliche Netzwerk der Autor_innen der Frühen Bildung auf. Zitationsanalysen geben einen Überblick darüber, wie das Wissen aus Frühe Bildung im Forschungsfeld weitergetragen wird. Zur Untersuchung werden die Verlags- sowie Zitations- und Referenzdaten aus dem Web of Science herangezogen. (DIPF/Orig.)On the occasion of the journal\u27s tenth anniversary, the article outlines the impact it has had using bibliometric analyses. The descriptive analyses provide an overview of the authors and the types of publications that appear in the journal. Reference analyses show the scientific network of the authors of Frühe Bildung. Citation analyses provide an overview of how knowledge from Frühe Bildung is passed on in the research field. Data from the publisher as well as citation and reference data from the Web of Science are used for the analyses. (DIPF/Orig.

Transpolar voltage and polar cap flux during the substorm cycle and steady convection events

Transpolar voltages observed during traversals of the polar cap by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F-13 spacecraft during 2001 are analyzed using the expanding-contracting polar cap model of ionospheric convection. Each of the 10,216 passes is classified by its substorm phase or as a steady convection event (SCE) by inspection of the AE indices. For all phases, we detect a contribution to the transpolar voltage by reconnection in both the dayside magnetopause and in the crosstail current sheet. Detection of the IMF influence is 97% certain during quiet intervals and >99% certain during substorm/SCE growth phases but falls to 75% in substorm expansion phases: It is only 27% during SCEs. Detection of the influence of the nightside voltage is only 19% certain during growth phases, rising during expansion phases to a peak of 96% in recovery phases: During SCEs, it is >99%. The voltage during SCEs is dominated by the nightside, not the dayside, reconnection. On average, substorm expansion phases halt the growth phase rise in polar cap flux rather than reversing it. The main destruction of the excess open flux takes place during the 6- to 10-hour interval after the recovery phase (as seen in AE) and at a rate which is relatively independent of polar cap flux because the NENL has by then retreated to the far tail. The best estimate of the voltage associated with viscous-like transfer of closed field lines into the tail is around 10 kV

Observation of mesoscopic crystalline structures in a two-dimensional Rydberg gas

The ability to control and tune interactions in ultracold atomic gases has paved the way towards the realization of new phases of matter. Whereas experiments have so far achieved a high degree of control over short-ranged interactions, the realization of long-range interactions would open up a whole new realm of many-body physics and has become a central focus of research. Rydberg atoms are very well-suited to achieve this goal, as the van der Waals forces between them are many orders of magnitude larger than for ground state atoms. Consequently, the mere laser excitation of ultracold gases can cause strongly correlated many-body states to emerge directly when atoms are transferred to Rydberg states. A key example are quantum crystals, composed of coherent superpositions of different spatially ordered configurations of collective excitations. Here we report on the direct measurement of strong correlations in a laser excited two-dimensional atomic Mott insulator using high-resolution, in-situ Rydberg atom imaging. The observations reveal the emergence of spatially ordered excitation patterns in the high-density components of the prepared many-body state. They have random orientation, but well defined geometry, forming mesoscopic crystals of collective excitations delocalised throughout the gas. Our experiment demonstrates the potential of Rydberg gases to realise exotic phases of matter, thereby laying the basis for quantum simulations of long-range interacting quantum magnets.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure

Cost Benefit Analysis of an Innovative and Modular Autonomous Vehicle: The Case of U-Shift

The study presents a Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) of future implementation of “U-Shift” vehicles. “U-Shift” is an autonomous vehicle concept currently developed at the German Centre for Aerospace (DLR). The CBA was prepared in 2020 as part of a feasibility study on behalf of the German Ministry for Economy to assess the possible impacts of a hypothetical large-scale implementation of these vehicles. It compares two future scenarios for roll-out in 2040 in Stuttgart, a mid-sized city in Germany’s automotive centre, with a Base Case. Scenario 1 reflects the preferred approach for implementation pursued by DLR, where autonomous driving of vehicles is enabled by sensors as part of the road infrastructure and the vehicles’ movements are orchestrated by a central traffic management centre. Scenario 2 reflects the current approach for automation, where autonomous driving technology is part of the vehicle itself and their movements are not coordinated by a central agency. The CBA quantifies capital and recurrent costs, road safety, CO2 emissions and air pollution. Costs and benefits are quantified for one year only, 2040, a plausible year for large-scale implementation. As it only considers recurrent costs and benefits of one year, investment costs were apportioned accordingly, taken the expected asset life into account

Adherence to 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for the Early Years and associations with social-cognitive development among Australian preschool children

Background: The new Australian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for the Early Years recommend that, for preschoolers, a healthy 24-h includes: i) ≥180 min of physical activity, including ≥60 min of energetic play, ii) ≤1 h of sedentary screen time, and iii) 10–13 h of good quality sleep. Using an Australian sample, this study reports the proportion of preschool children meeting these guidelines and investigates associations with social-cognitive development. Methods: Data from 248 preschool children (mean age = 4.2 ± 0.6 years, 57% boys) participating in the PATH-ABC study were analyzed. Children completed direct assessments of physical activity (accelerometry) and social cognition (the Test of Emotional Comprehension (TEC) and Theory of Mind (ToM)). Parents reported on children’s screen time and sleep. Children were categorised as meeting/not meeting: i) individual guidelines, ii) combinations of two guidelines, or iii) all three guidelines. Associations were examined using linear regression adjusting for child age, sex, vocabulary, area level socio-economic status and childcare level clustering. Results: High proportions of children met the physical activity (93.1%) and sleep (88.7%) guidelines, whereas fewer met the screen time guideline (17.3%). Overall, 14.9% of children met all three guidelines. Children meeting the sleep guideline performed better on TEC than those who did not (mean difference [MD] = 1.41; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.36, 2.47). Children meeting the sleep and physical activity or sleep and screen time guidelines also performed better on TEC (MD = 1.36; 95% CI = 0.31, 2.41) and ToM (MD = 0.25; 95% CI = −0.002, 0.50; p = 0.05), respectively, than those who did not. Meeting all three guidelines was associated with better ToM performance (MD = 0.28; 95% CI = −0.002, 0.48, p = 0.05), while meeting a larger number of guidelines was associated with better TEC (3 or 2 vs. 1/none, p < 0.02) and ToM performance (3 vs. 2, p = 0.03). Conclusions: Strategies to promote adherence to the 24-Hour Movement Behaviour Guidelines for the Early Years among preschool children are warranted. Supporting preschool children to meet all guidelines or more guidelines, particularly the sleep and screen time guidelines, may be beneficial for their social-cognitive development

Single-Spin Addressing in an Atomic Mott Insulator

Ultracold atoms in optical lattices are a versatile tool to investigate fundamental properties of quantum many body systems. In particular, the high degree of control of experimental parameters has allowed the study of many interesting phenomena such as quantum phase transitions and quantum spin dynamics. Here we demonstrate how such control can be extended down to the most fundamental level of a single spin at a specific site of an optical lattice. Using a tightly focussed laser beam together with a microwave field, we were able to flip the spin of individual atoms in a Mott insulator with sub-diffraction-limited resolution, well below the lattice spacing. The Mott insulator provided us with a large two-dimensional array of perfectly arranged atoms, in which we created arbitrary spin patterns by sequentially addressing selected lattice sites after freezing out the atom distribution. We directly monitored the tunnelling quantum dynamics of single atoms in the lattice prepared along a single line and observed that our addressing scheme leaves the atoms in the motional ground state. Our results open the path to a wide range of novel applications from quantum dynamics of spin impurities, entropy transport, implementation of novel cooling schemes, and engineering of quantum many-body phases to quantum information processing.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

Assessment of a robust model protocol with accelerated throughput for a human recombinant full length estrogen receptor-α binding assay: Protocol optimization and intralaboratory assay performance as initial steps towards validation

Despite about two decades of research in the field of endocrine active compounds, still no validated human recombinant (hr) estrogen receptor- (ERα) binding assay is available, although hr-ERα is available from several sources. In a joint effort, US EPA and Bayer Schering Pharma with funding from the EU-sponsored 6th framework project, ReProTect, developed a model protocol for such a binding assay. Important features of this assay are the use of a full length hr-ERα and performance in a 96-well plate format. A full length hr-ERα was chosen, as it was considered to provide the most accurate and human-relevant results, whereas truncated receptors could perform differently. Besides three reference compounds [17- estradiol, norethynodrel, dibutylphthalate] nine test compounds with different affinities for the ERα [diethylstilbestrol (DES), ethynylestradiol, meso-hexestrol, equol, genistein, o,p-DDT, nonylphenol, nbutylparaben, and corticosterone] were used to explore the performance of the assay. Three independent experiments per compound were performed on different days, and dilutions of test compounds from deep-frozen stocks, solutions of radiolabeled ligand and receptor preparation were freshly prepared for each experiment. The ERα binding properties of reference and test compounds were well detected. As expected dibutylphthalate and corticosterone were non-binders in this assay. In terms of the relative ranking of binding affinities, there was good agreement with published data obtained from experiments using a human recombinant ERα ligand binding domain. Irrespective of the chemical nature of the compound, individual IC50-values for a given compound varied by not more than a factor of 2.5. Our data demonstrate that the assay was robust and reliably ranked compounds with strong, weak, and no affinity for the ER[1] with high accuracy. It avoids the manipulation and use of animals, i.e., the preparation of uterine cytosol as receptor source from ovariectomized rats, as a recombinant protein is used and thus contributes to the 3R concept (reduce, replace, and refine). Furthermore, in contrast to other assays, this assay could be adjusted to an intermediate/high throughput format. On the whole, this assay is a promising candidate for further validation

Linked Open Data Modeling for Library Cartographic Resources

For centuries libraries have cataloged collections of maps, atlases, and geographic data resources using text-based systems such as bibliographies, the card catalog, and the online catalog. These catalogs of metadata, while often well-structured and rich in data, have typically been part of a closed information ecosystem, unable to be easily repurposed for research needs beyond resource search and discovery. Linked Open Data (LOD) modelling presents new opportunities for how library resources can be described enabling library catalogs to be able to interact with the larger web of data in more meaningful ways. The Linked Data for Libraries: Linked Data for Production (LD4P) project is a multi-institutional effort that will explore applying LOD models, including the Bibliographic Framework (BIBFRAME), to natively describe library resources. The LD4P Cartographic Materials sub-project will focus on evaluating ontologies and vocabularies best suited to the description of cartographic resources with the aim of establishing a set of library community shared best practices. This poster presents: 1) an overview of the Linked Data for Libraries project ; 2) examples of cartographic materials descriptions in MARC catalog and BIBFRAME descriptive schemas, highlighting similarities and differences ; 3) LOD data sources (e.g. DBpedia, GeoNames, VIAF, LC Authorities) to which description entities will be reconciled; and 4) the LD4P Ontology, incorporating BIBFRAME, OWL, SKOS. The poster will engage geographic information community members to learn more about how libraries can better model and describe cartographic resources in their collections to support researcher needs in a LOD environment

Weiterentwicklung eines agentenbasierten Simulationsmodells (AMIRIS) zur Untersuchung des Akteursverhaltens bei der Marktintegration von Strom aus erneuerbaren Energien unter verschiedenen Fördermechanismen

Mit dem agentenbasierten Simulationsmodell AMIRIS lassen sich Auswirkungen verschiedener energiewirtschaftlicher Rahmenbedingungen auf die beteiligten Akteure bei der Marktintegration der erneuerbaren Energien (EE) untersuchen. Diese Analysen sollen helfen, effektive Fördersysteme zu gestalten, die der Entwicklung des Marktes dienen, aber gleichzeitig Mitnahmeeffekte auf Seiten einiger Akteure zu vermeiden helfen. Der Aufbau und die Struktur des Modells machen AMIRIS als Tool zur Politikberatung sehr flexibel, und Simulationsexperimente können über verschiedene Parametereinstellung vielfältig konfiguriert werden. Auf diese Weise ermöglicht es das Modell, Auswirkungen der verschiedenen Varianten von Förderinstrumenten oder Änderungen der energiewirtschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen auf die Mikroebene der Akteure sowie die Makroebene des Energiesystems modelltechnisch zu analysieren