Magnetic Properties of Cadmium Manganese Ferrite

The room-temperature saturation magnetization of CdxMn1-xFe2O4 decreased with increasing cadmium concentration. When 0 \u3c x \u3c 0.5, the decrease in saturation magnetization was due to the increase in the amount of non-mgnetic distorted cubic Cd(Mn, Fe) 2O4

Formation and Densification of Cadmium Manganese Ferrite

Formation of Ni-ferrite, Mn-ferrite, NiZn-ferrite, Zn-ferrite and Mg-ferrite have been investigated using X-ray diffraction analysis. Jander\u27s diffusion equation described the data from these investigations over a portion of the temperature ranges studied. However, the reaction mechanisms and sequences involved in the formation of mixed ferrites have not been well defined in the literature. The purposes of this investigation were: ( 1) To further the understanding of the formation of CdMnferrite by studying first the kinetics of the formation of Cd-ferrite and Cd-manganite, which provides a basis for understanding the details of the mixed CdMn-ferrite reaction and to obtain the optimum temperature-time cycle for calcination and sintering, along with the reaction sequence and densification behavior for polycrystalline CdMn-ferrite. (2) To determine the magnetic properties of CdMn-ferrite as a function of composition, bulk density and grain size

Information Storage and Retrieval for Probe Storage using Optical Diffraction Patterns

A novel method for fast information retrieval from a probe storage device is considered. It is shown that information can be stored and retrieved using the optical diffraction patterns obtained by the illumination of a large array of cantilevers by a monochromatic light source. In thermo-mechanical probe storage, the information is stored as a sequence of indentations on the polymer medium. To retrieve the information, the array of probes is actuated by applying a bending force to the cantilevers. Probes positioned over indentations experience deflection by the depth of the indentation, probes over the flat media remain un-deflected. Thus the array of actuated probes can be viewed as an irregular optical grating, which creates a data-dependent diffraction pattern when illuminated by laser light. We develop a low complexity modulation scheme, which allows the extraction of information stored in the pattern of indentations on the media from Fourier coefficients of the intensity of the diffraction pattern. We then derive a low-complexity maximum likelihood sequence detection algorithm for retrieving the user information from the Fourier coefficients. The derivation of both the modulation and the detection schemes is based on the Fraunhofer formula for data-dependent diffraction patterns. We show that for as long as the Fresnel number F<0.1, the optimal channel detector derived from Fraunhofer diffraction theory does not suffer any significant performance degradation.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures. Version 2: minor misprints corrected, experimental section expande

Dark and Baryonic Matter in Bright Spiral Galaxies: I.Near-infrared and Optical Broadband Surface Photometry of 30 Galaxies

We present photometrically calibrated images and surface photometry in the B, V, R, J, H, and K-bands of 25, and in the g, r, and K-bands of 5 nearby bright (Bo_T<12.5 mag) spiral galaxies with inclinations between 30-65 degrees spanning the Hubble Sequence from Sa to Scd. Data are from The Ohio State University Bright Spiral Galaxy Survey, the Two Micron All Sky Survey, and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Second Data Release. Radial surface brightness profiles are extracted, and integrated magnitudes are measured from the profiles. Axis ratios, position angles, and scale lengths are measured from the near-infrared images. A 1-dimensional bulge/disk decomposition is performed on the near-infrared images of galaxies with a non-negligible bulge component, and an exponential disk is fit to the radial surface brightness profiles of the remaining galaxies.Comment: 28 page

Towards durable multistakeholder-generated solutions: The pilot application of a problem-oriented policy learning protocol to legality verification and community rights in Peru

This paper reports and reflects on the pilot application of an 11-step policy learning protocol that was developed by Cashore and Lupberger (2015) based on several years of Cashore’s multi-author collaborations. The protocol was applied for the first time in Peru in 2015 and 2016 by the IUFRO Working Party on Forest Policy Learning Architectures (hereinafter referred to as the project team). The protocol integrates insights from policy learning scholarship (Hall 1993, Sabatier 1999) with Bernstein and Cashore’s (2000, 2012) four pathways of influence framework. The pilot implementation in Peru focused on how global timber legality verification interventions might be harnessed to promote local land rights. Legality verification focuses attention on the checking and auditing of forest management units in order to verify that timber is harvested and traded in compliance with the law. We specifically asked: How can community legal ownership of, and access to, forestland and forest resources be enhanced? The protocol was designed as a dynamic tool, the implementation of which fosters iterative rather than linear processes. It directly integrated two objectives: 1) identifying the causal processes through which global governance initiatives might be harnessed to produce durable results ‘on the ground’; 2) generating insights and strategies in collaboration with relevant stakeholders. This paper reviews and critically evaluates our work in designing and piloting the protocol. We assess what seemed to work well and suggest modifications, including an original diagnostic framework for nurturing durable change. We also assess the implications of the pilot application of the protocol for policy implementation that works to enhance the influence of existing international policy instruments, rather than contributing to fragmentation and incoherence by creating new ones

Morphology in Phonology : introduction

This fourth volume of Catalan Journal of Linguistics is devoted to a topic discussed at length in the literature but which nevertheless remains a challenge for any view of phonology: the morphology-phonology interaction. The papers collected address two related issues, the role of morphological information in phonology and the role of phonological information in morphology. The first six articles (i.e. McCarthy, Wheeler, Downing, van Oostendorp, José and Auger, and Rice) deal with the former topic; the last three (i.e. Bertinetto and Jetchev, Pérez Saldanya and Vallès, and Viaplana), with the latter. Several papers (Wheeler, van Oostendorp, Rice, Bertinetto and Jetchev, Pérez Saldanya and Vallès, and Viaplana) further discuss the role and concept of paradigms, an old Neogrammarian notion to which renewed attention has been payed both from the phonological perspective (cf. work by Benua 1995, 1997; Burzio 1994 and subsequent work; Kenstowicz 1996, 2002; Steriade 2000, and the articles in the recent volume edited by Downing et al. 2005, among others) and from the morphological perspective (cf. work by Aronoff 1994; Bauer 1997, 2001; Carstairs-McCarthy 1994, 1998; Stump 1991, 1997; van Marle 1985, 1994; Wurzel 1989, and several articles in the recent volume edited by Boucher 2002, among others)

Verbindingsmaatlat voor de landbouw : ontwikkeling van een indicator die een beeld geeft van de verbinding tussen een biologisch landbouwbedrijf en zijn omgeving : onderdeel van koepelproject Duurzaamheidprestaties Biologische Landbouw

Eén van de kenmerken van duurzaamheid, in de traditionele people, plant, profit indeling, is de mate waarin landbouw zich weet te verbinden aan de maatschappij. Deze studie focust zich op de ontwikkeling van een indicator die de mate van verbinding weergeeft. Omdat verbinding het resultaat is van een complexe sociale interactie die lastig meetbaar is, is er geen indicator beschikbaar die direct iets zegt over de mate van verbinding die een bedrijf of een sector weet te realiseren. Omdat er weinig informatie wordt vastgelegd over verbindingen die ondernemers aangaan in bestaande databases is ervoor gekozen om een indicator te ontwikkelen die direct door de ondernemer ingevuld kan worden. In deze studie is een eerste aanzet gedaan voor de ontwikkeling van deze duurzaamheidsindicator voor verbindingen

The Effects of Starburst Activity on Low Surface Brightness Disk Galaxies

Although numerous simulations have been done to understand the effects of intense bursts of star formation on high surface brightness galaxies, few attempts have been made to understand how localized starbursts would affect both the color and surface brightness of low surface brightness (LSB) galaxies. To remedy this, we have run 53 simulations involving bursts of star formation activity on LSB galaxies, varying both the underlying galaxy properties and the parameters describing the starbursts. We discovered that although changing the total color of a galaxy was fairly straightforward, it was virtually impossible to alter a galaxy's central surface brightness and thereby remove it from the LSB galaxy classification without placing a high (and fairly artificial) threshold for the underlying gas density. The primary effect of large amounts of induced star formation was to produce a centralized core (bulge) component which is generally not observed in LSB galaxies. The noisy morphological appearance of LSB galaxies as well as their noisy surface brightness profiles can be reproduced by considering small bursts of star formation that are localized within the disk. The trigger mechanism for such bursts is likely distant/weak tidal encounters. The stability of disk central surface brightness to these periods of star formation argues that the large space density of LSB galaxies at z = 0 should hold to substantially higher redshifts.Comment: 38 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables, tarred and compressed Also available on http://guernsey.uoregon.edu/~kare

An Infrared Determination of the Reddening and Distance to Dwingeloo 1

We present for the first time infrared observations of the nearby highly obscured galaxy Dwingeloo 1 (Dw1), including deep H-band imaging covering a total of 4.9x4.9 arcmin, together with J and Ks imaging of the central 2.5x2.5 arcmin. We used the small dispersion of the intrinsic infrared colors of spiral galaxies to determine an infrared H-band extinction of A_H = 0.47+/-0.11 mag towards Dw1. In using infrared colors, the uncertainties in the reddening and distance are reduced by a factor of three. The H-band magnitude corrected for extinction and the infrared Tully-Fisher relation are then used to estimate a distance modulus of (m-M)_0 = 28.62+/-0.27, and thus a distance of d = 5.3 {+0.7/-0.6} Mpc, which puts Dw1 at the far end of the IC342/Maffei 1 & 2 group. Our result is largely independent of the nature of the reddening law because we estimated both the reddening and the distance at the same wavelength range.Comment: 20 pages, 2 figures, see http://nicmos2.as.arizona.edu/~aalonso/Dw1/dw1_paper.htm

Program Bantu Pemberian Kredit Mobil Studi Kasus : PT Adira Dinamika Multifinance – Bali

Kredit macet merupakan salah satu hal yang paling dihindari oleh Perusahaan-Perusahaan atau finance yang bergerak di bidang perkreditan, baik itu kredit mobil, kredit motor maupun kredit barang lainnya. PT Adira Dinamika Multifinance merupakan salah satu lembaga instansi yang bergerak dibidang pemberian kredit kendaraan bermotor, dan tidak pernah lepas dari kredit macet. Proses pemberian kredit kepada pelanggan adalah hal yang tidak gampang, karena harus mempertimbangkan berbagai faktor. Dari masalah tersebut penulis menerapkan aplikasi MCDM (Multi-Criteria Decision Making) untuk membuat Program Bantu Pemberian Kredit Mobil. Studi kasus penelitian ini dilakukan di PT Adira Dinamika Multifinance – Bali, dimana telah memiliki pola kebijakan tersendiri, yaitu menentukan siapa yang berhak menerima yang telah memenuhi syarat Five C, bagaimana karakter pelanggan dalam hal ini identitas(Character), jaminan yang dimiliki untuk menanggung resiko kredit(Collateral), kemampuan yang dimiliki pelanggan seperti pendapatan(Capital), kondisi keuangan, data keuangan pelanggan dalam hal ini seperti rekening tabungan pelanggan memilikinya atau tidak(Condition), dan kapasitas melunasi kredit dalam hal ini pekerjaan(Capacity). Program bantu pemberian kredit mobil menggunakan metode MCDM (Multi-Criteria Decision Making) akan memberikan alternatif pilihan dan kemungkinan solusi bagi Perusahaan untuk memilih pelanggan yang diterima permohonan kreditnya