Testing the daytime oxidizing capacity of the troposphere: 1994 OH field campaign at the Izaña Observatory, Tenerife

A field campaign was carried out during May 1994 at the Izaña station, Tenerife. This campaign was part of the program Environment and Climate sponsored by the European Commission to study the influence of European emissions on the oxidizing capacity of a clean tropospheric environment. Daytime and also nighttime measurements were made, covering the OH as well as the NO3 chemistry. This paper presents the OH measurements taken with a multipass optical absorption spectrometer (MOAS) and discusses the daytime chemistry in a statistical and therefore more preliminary way. All relevant parameters influencing the OH concentration were monitored. From the data the two main contributions to the OH production can clearly be discerned and are given by the primary production following the ozone photolysis and the O(1D)-H2O reaction and by the catalytic reactions of NOx in the recycling process. The latter processes prove to contribute a dominant part to the OH concentration. The measurements of the nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC) especially of the biogenics, indicate a considerable influence of the NMHC on the absolute values of the OH concentration at Tenerife.This work has been financially supported by the European Commission (grant EV5V-CT93-0321), by the DFG, and by the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie, which is gratefully acknowledged

Dairy plant management

x+439hlm.;23c

Messung von troposphaerischem OH durch Langwegabsorption Schlussbericht

Available from TIB Hannover: FR 4721 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Seasonal influenza infection and live vaccine prime for a response to the 2009 pandemic H1N1 vaccine

The robust immune response to a single dose of pandemic 2009 H1N1 vaccine suggests that a large segment of the population has been previously primed. We evaluated the effect of seasonal (s) H1N1 infection, s-trivalent inactivated vaccine (s-TIV), and trivalent s-live attenuated influenza vaccine (s-LAIV) before immunization with a pandemic live attenuated influenza vaccine (p-LAIV) in mice. We compared serum and mucosal antibody and pulmonary CD8 and CD4 responses and the virologic response to challenge with a wild-type 2009 pandemic H1N1 (p-H1N1) virus. Two doses of p-LAIV induced cellular immune and robust ELISA and neutralizing antibody responses that were associated with complete protection from p-H1N1 challenge. A single dose of p-LAIV induced a cellular response and ELISA but not a neutralizing antibody response, and incomplete protection from p-H1N1 virus challenge. Primary infection with s-H1N1 influenza virus followed by a dose of p-LAIV resulted in cross-reactive ELISA antibodies and a robust cellular immune response that was also associated with complete protection from p-H1N1 virus challenge. A lower-magnitude but similar response associated with partial protection was seen in mice that received a dose of s-LAIV followed by p-LAIV. Mice that received a dose of s-TIV followed by p-LAIV did not show any evidence of priming. In summary, prior infection with a seasonal influenza virus or s-LAIV primed mice for a robust response to a single dose of p-LAIV that was associated with protection equivalent to two doses of the matched pandemic vaccine