Improvement of the organizational support of public water management in Ukraine at the national level

У статті виявлено теоретико-методологічні положення державного управління водними ресурсами шляхом формулювання узагальненої системи та системної моделі механізму державного управління водними ресурсами. Враховуючи класичні визначення державного управління та наявні підходи до управління природокористуванням, запропоновано трактування поняття «державного управління водними ресурсами». Використовуючи системний підхід наведено узагальнену систему державного управління водними ресурсами та розглянуто її основні складові: керуюча підсистема, керована підсистема, зворотний зв’язок, керуючий вплив. Враховуючи досвід іноземних країн розроблено схему реорганізації управління водними ресурсами в Україні на національному рівні та запропоновано склад Національної водної ради. На оcнові «водоресурсного» підходу, коли зміст завдань випливає із поводження з водами як з природним ресурсом, забезпечення ними в цілому галузей економіки і населення, а не з водою як товаром при безпосередньому її використанні, розроблено схему передачі повноважень та вдосконалення організаційної структури державного управління в водній сфері.The article revealed the theoretical and methodological provision of public water management system by formulating the generalized system model and mechanism of state water management. Due to the classical definition of governance and existing approaches to environmental management the interpretation of the term «public water management» is proposed. Using a systematic approach summarizes the system of public water management and considered its main components: control subsystem, controlled subsystem, feedback, control action. Based on the experience of foreign countries the scheme of reorganization of water management in Ukraine at the national level and composition of the National Water Council are proposed. Based on «water resources» approach, when the content of tasks resulting from the treatment of water as a natural resource, ensuring them a whole sectors of the economy and the population, not with water as a commodity with direct its use scheme of devolution and improve the organizational structure of public administration in the water sector. The effectiveness of the functioning of the public administration mechanism by any social and production processes depends to a large extent on its organizational support. Public administration of water resources in Ukraine in the Soviet era was built on the principles of authoritarian and command management with the adoption and implementation of decisions under the rigid "top-down" scheme and the construction of appropriate organizational management schemes within the administrative division of the country's territory in the regions and districts. The domestic system of state management of water resources still has the remnants of the administrative-command control system, organizational incompleteness, inter-sectoral orientation, and the dispersion of functions among many state authorities.With the introduction in Ukraine of the principles of integrated management and management of river basins, which are the main ones in the EU Water Framework Directive and which are based on the laws and regulations of Ukraine on water development, in particular the Water Code of Ukraine, laws and government resolutions, the search for ways to improve the organizational mechanisms of state water resources management according to European requirements is becoming relevant

Transmembrane helix dynamics of bacterial chemoreceptors supports a piston model of signalling.

Transmembrane α-helices play a key role in many receptors, transmitting a signal from one side to the other of the lipid bilayer membrane. Bacterial chemoreceptors are one of the best studied such systems, with a wealth of biophysical and mutational data indicating a key role for the TM2 helix in signalling. In particular, aromatic (Trp and Tyr) and basic (Arg) residues help to lock α-helices into a membrane. Mutants in TM2 of E. coli Tar and related chemoreceptors involving these residues implicate changes in helix location and/or orientation in signalling. We have investigated the detailed structural basis of this via high throughput coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CG-MD) of Tar TM2 and its mutants in lipid bilayers. We focus on the position (shift) and orientation (tilt, rotation) of TM2 relative to the bilayer and how these are perturbed in mutants relative to the wildtype. The simulations reveal a clear correlation between small (ca. 1.5 Å) shift in position of TM2 along the bilayer normal and downstream changes in signalling activity. Weaker correlations are seen with helix tilt, and little/none between signalling and helix twist. This analysis of relatively subtle changes was only possible because the high throughput simulation method allowed us to run large (n = 100) ensembles for substantial numbers of different helix sequences, amounting to ca. 2000 simulations in total. Overall, this analysis supports a swinging-piston model of transmembrane signalling by Tar and related chemoreceptors

Экстракорпоральная мембранная оксигенация и современные методы детоксикации в лечении вируснобактериальной пневмонии, обусловленной вирусом гриппа A(H1N1) у родильницы

Outbreaks of viral infections have become a global healthcare challenge over the last decade. The 2009—2010 flu A (H1N1) outbreak resulted in global pandemia, associated with high morbidity and mortality reaching 31%. Another flu A (H1N1) outbreak occurred in 2015—2016. There is a strong probability that it may be repeated in the future. This infection is associated with its high incidence among pregnant women. There are some published reports describing the efficacy and safety of veno%venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome that is refractory to standard therapeutic options. The article presents a clinical case of a successful use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and intermittent renal replacement therapy in a puerpera with acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by flu A (H1N1)-related severe viral and bacterial pneumonia. The positive effects of the combination of veno%venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and modern detoxification techniques have been demonstrated. Revealed organizational problemswere related to selection criteria for prescription of extracorporeal gas exchange, as well as to carrying out the procedure in an institution in the deficiency of the experienced staff and corresponding equipment.Вспышки вирусных инфекций в последнее десятилетие стали серьезной проблемой для мирового здравоохранения. Молниеносное распространение гриппа А (H1N1) в 2009—2010 гг. , характеризующееся высокой заболеваемостью и смертностью, достигающей 31%, привело по сути к пандемии, затронувшей весь земной шар. Повторная пандемия гриппа A (H1N1) наблюдалась в 2015—2016 гг. и с высокой долей вероятности может повториться в будущем. Особенностью данной инфекции является высокая частота заболеваемости среди беременных женщин. В литературе имеются сообщения о достаточной эффективности и безопасности применения вено%венозной экстракорпоральной мембранной оксигенации у пациентов с тя%желым острым респираторным дистресс-синдромом, рефрактерном к стандартным терапевтическим мероприятиям. В статье демонстрируется клинический случай успешного применения экстракорпоральной мембранной оксигенации в сочетании с методами интермиттирующей заместительной почечной терапии у родильницы с острым респираторным дистресс-синдромом, обусловленном тяжелой  вирусно-бактериальной пневмонией на фоне гриппа А (H1N1). Доказаны положительные эффекты сочетанного применения веновенозной экстракорпоральной мембранной оксигенации и современных методов детоксикации. Обозначены проблемы организационного характера, возникшие как при определении показаний к проведению экстракорпорального газообмена, так и связанные с его выполнением в учреждении, не имеющем опыта и соответствующего технического оснащения

The Cerebral Microvasculature in Schizophrenia: A Laser Capture Microdissection Study

BACKGROUND: Previous studies of brain and peripheral tissues in schizophrenia patients have indicated impaired energy supply to the brain. A number of studies have also demonstrated dysfunction of the microvasculature in schizophrenia patients. Together these findings are consistent with a hypothesis of blood-brain barrier dysfunction in schizophrenia. In this study, we have investigated the cerebral vascular endothelium of schizophrenia patients at the level of transcriptomics. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We used laser capture microdissection to isolate both microvascular endothelial cells and neurons from post mortem brain tissue from schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. RNA was isolated from these cell populations, amplified, and analysed using two independent microarray platforms, Affymetrix HG133plus2.0 GeneChips and CodeLink Whole Human Genome arrays. In the first instance, we used the dataset to compare the neuronal and endothelial data, in order to demonstrate that the predicted differences between cell types could be detected using this methodology. We then compared neuronal and endothelial data separately between schizophrenic subjects and controls. Analysis of the endothelial samples showed differences in gene expression between schizophrenics and controls which were reproducible in a second microarray platform. Functional profiling revealed that these changes were primarily found in genes relating to inflammatory processes. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides preliminary evidence of molecular alterations of the cerebral microvasculature in schizophrenia patients, suggestive of a hypo-inflammatory state in this tissue type. Further investigation of the blood-brain barrier in schizophrenia is warranted

Association between SNPs and gene expression in multiple regions of the human brain

Identifying the genetic cis associations between DNA variants (single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)) and gene expression in brain tissue may be a promising approach to find functionally relevant pathways that contribute to the etiology of psychiatric disorders. In this study, we examined the association between genetic variations and gene expression in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, temporal cortex, thalamus and cerebellum in subjects with psychiatric disorders and in normal controls. We identified cis associations between 648 transcripts and 6725 SNPs in the various brain regions. Several SNPs showed brain regional-specific associations. The expression level of only one gene, PDE4DIP, was associated with a SNP, rs12124527, in all the brain regions tested here. From our data, we generated a list of brain cis expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) genes that we compared with a list of schizophrenia candidate genes downloaded from the Schizophrenia Forum (SZgene) database (http://www.szgene.org/). Of the SZgene candidate genes, we found that the expression levels of four genes, HTR2A, PLXNA2, SRR and TCF4, were significantly associated with cis SNPs in at least one brain region tested. One gene, SRR, was also involved in a coexpression module that we found to be associated with disease status. In addition, a substantial number of cis eQTL genes were also involved in the module, suggesting eQTL analysis of brain tissue may identify more reliable susceptibility genes for schizophrenia than case–control genetic association analyses. In an attempt to facilitate the identification of genetic variations that may underlie the etiology of major psychiatric disorders, we have integrated the brain eQTL results into a public and online database, Stanley Neuropathology Consortium Integrative Database (SNCID; http://sncid.stanleyresearch.org)

Improvement of the organizational support of public water management in Ukraine at the national level

The article revealed the theoretical and methodological provision of public water management system by formulating the generalized system model and mechanism of state water management. Due to the classical definition of governance and existing approaches to environmental management the interpretation of the term «public water management» is proposed. Using a systematic approach summarizes the system of public water management and considered its main components: control subsystem, controlled subsystem, feedback, control action. Based on the experience of foreign countries the scheme of reorganization of water management in Ukraine at the national level and composition of the National Water Council are proposed. Based on «water resources» approach, when the content of tasks resulting from the treatment of water as a natural resource, ensuring them a whole sectors of the economy and the population, not with water as a commodity with direct its use scheme of devolution and improve the organizational structure of public administration in the water sector. Key words: governance, water resources, organizational charts, organizational security management functions, powers, national level

Hydrogen Storage: Thermodynamic Analysis of Alkyl-Quinolines and Alkyl-Pyridines as Potential Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHC)

The liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHC) are aromatic molecules, which can be considered as an attractive option for the storage and transport of hydrogen. A considerable amount of hydrogen up to 7–8% wt. can be loaded and unloaded with a reversible chemical reaction. Substituted quinolines and pyridines are available from petroleum, coal processing, and wood preservation, or they can be synthesized from aniline. Quinolines and pyridines can be considered as potential LOHC systems, provided they have favorable thermodynamic properties, which were the focus of this current study. The absolute vapor pressures of methyl-quinolines were measured using the transpiration method. The standard molar enthalpies of vaporization of alkyl-substituted quinolines and pyridines were derived from the vapor pressure temperature dependencies. Thermodynamic data on vaporization and formation enthalpies available in the literature were collected, evaluated, and combined with our own experimental results. The theoretical standard molar gas-phase enthalpies of formation of quinolines and pyridines, calculated using the quantum-chemical G4 methods, agreed well with the evaluated experimental data. Reliable standard molar enthalpies of formation in the liquid phase were derived by combining high-level quantum chemistry values of gas-phase enthalpies of formation with experimentally determined enthalpies of vaporization. The liquid-phase hydrogenation/dehydrogenation reaction enthalpies of alkyl-substituted pyridines and quinolines were calculated and compared with the data for other potential liquid organic hydrogen carriers. The comparatively low enthalpies of reaction make these heteroaromatics a seminal LOHC system