Enabling the V2X Economy Revolution Using a Blockchain-based Value Transaction Layer for Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks

The next generation of tightly interconnected vehicles offers a variety of new technological as well as business opportunities. Those vehicles form so called vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) in order to enable vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-human (V2H), or in general vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication and interaction. A variety of manufacturers started implementing specific use cases, but limited to their own brands and products. However, a platform- and manufacturer-agnostic default standard for interactions and transaction within this new economy is still missing. This paper fills the gap in the state of the art by introducing a novel blockchain-based V2X platform that enables a transaction and interaction layer for goods and services required to kick-start the upcoming V2X economy. We present the general functions and features of the system, outline the requirements and goals as well as the architecture of the V2X platform. Moreover, we detail the system engagement processes of the identified stakeholders inside the V2X ecosystem and the theoretical foundations of those interactions and transactions

On the possibility to supercool molecular hydrogen down to superfluid transition

Recent calculations by Vorobev and Malyshenko (JETP Letters, 71, 39, 2000) show that molecular hydrogen may stay liquid and superfluid in strong electric fields of the order of $4\times 10^7 V/cm$. I demonstrate that strong local electric fields of similar magnitude exist beneath a two-dimensional layer of electrons localized in the image potential above the surface of solid hydrogen. Even stronger local fields exist around charged particles (ions or electrons) if surface or bulk of a solid hydrogen crystal is statically charged. Measurements of the frequency shift of the $1 \to 2$ photoresonance transition in the spectrum of two-dimensional layer of electrons above positively or negatively charged solid hydrogen surface performed in the temperature range 7 - 13.8 K support the prediction of electric field induced surface melting. The range of surface charge density necessary to stabilize the liquid phase of molecular hydrogen at the temperature of superfluid transition is estimated.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure