Photosynthetic potential and accumulation of assimilates in the developing chloroembryos of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub

The photosynthetic potential of leaves and chloroembryos of Cyamopsis fetragonoloba (L.) Taub as measured by 14C-bicarbonate tixatron, Hill activity, atid :n vivo fluorescence transients is compared. On a chlorophyll basis, dark fixation of NaH7'CO3 in chloroembryos was 1.5 times higher than that of the leaf, whereas carbon fixation under illumination was threefold higher in the leaf than in the embryos. Rates of Q2 evolution were four times more tri embryo than in leaf chloroplast

Hybrid Parameter Optimization Approach with Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System for the Software Maintainability

This paper presents a novel method to measure the maintainability of the software from the design artifact. It is an inevitable measure because it aims to attain software with a better quality. The system is designed to measure the maintainability of the system from the UML class metric. This is extracted from the UML class diagram to predict the maintainability of the class diagram. The system is implemented using CFS from the Weka tool to select an optimized variable from a set of variables i.e UML class metric. Hybrid ANFIS is an artificial intelligence technique which has been incorporated with the optimizing algorithms to reduce the overall number of UML metric and build a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) based on the learning process. The optimization attains an enhanced result since it is done continually by both using feature selection and optimization algorithms repetitively, which results in reducing the UML metric considerably to measure the maintainability of the software. The proposed research work is evaluated in terms of the performance measures, MSE, RMSE, true positive rates and the result is clearly shown that a better optimization of the maintainability measure estimation process can be done

Client Side Script Phishing Attacks Detection Method using Active Content Popularity Monitoring

The phisher can attack the client side script by means of threatening information which affects the majority of online users in sequence. The malicious users steal a variety of sensitive information from financial organizations in order to run nameless client side script in the phishing attack. In most of the time, the consumer will ignore association script and popup windows which in turn run a set of malicious processes and send the sensitive information to the remote sites. To secure consumers by limiting the client side script, an effective Client Side Script Phishing Attack Detection (CSSPAD) method is proposed to detect the client side script phishing attacks. The proposed methodis based on Active Content Popularity Monitoring (ACPM) and client script classification methods. This method categorizes the client side script according to a mixture of factors like the quantity of information being transferred by the script, the parent information of the script is being accessed. The proposed method computes the active time of the script, amount of data transferred and popularity of the webpage

Formation of Chloroplast pigments and photosynthetic potential of chloroembryos in angiosperms

Chlorophyll bearing property of embryos in Angiosperms or its absence is of particular interest because it is not only an embryological but also physiological phenomenon since it may be intimately related to certain peculiarities of plant metabolism which are yet to be elucidated. This review is concerned with critical appraisal of current literature on the physiological studies of chloroembryos. The earlier review by Yakovlev & Zhukova (1980) was on the occurrence and ultrastructure of chloroembryos

Gill net fishery off Veraval during 1982-1990

The fishery resources off Veraval are exploited intensively mainly by two gears, viz., trawl and gill nets. The gill net fishery has undergone changes by way of introduction of many out-board motorised canoes. Two types of crafts, wooden and FRP dugout canoes (with out-board engine) and plankbuilt boats are used for gill net fishing. Effort has remained almost constant during the 9 years. Fishes belonging to 10 groups formed about 98% of the gill net fishery

An Intelligent Genetic Algorithm for Mining Classification Rules in Large Datasets

Genetic algorithm is a popular classification algorithm which creates a random population of candidate solutions and makes them to evolve into a suitable accurate solution for a given problem by processing them iteratively for several generations. During each generation the training data set is accessed by the genetic algorithm only for the population member's fitness calculation and no other extra knowledge about the problem domain is extracted from the training data set. Even the domain knowledge stored in the chromosome code of the population may be lost in the future generations due to genetic operations. All the genetic operations like crossover and mutation are probability based and they do not depend upon the domain knowledge. This phenomenon makes the genetic algorithm to converge slowly. This paper proposes a genetic algorithm which tries to gain maximum knowledge in between the generations and store them in the form of knowledge chromosomes. The gained knowledge is used to make predictions about the search space and to guide the search process to an area with potential solutions in the subsequent generations. This makes the genetic algorithm to converge quickly which in turn reduces the learning cost. The experiments show that the run time is reduced considerably when compared with the state-of-the-art evolutionary algorithm

Robust Retinal Vessel Segmentation using ELM and SVM Classifier

The diagnosis of retinal blood vessels is of much clinical importance, as they are generally examined to evaluate and monitor both the ophthalmological diseases and the non-retinal diseases. The vascular nature of retinal is very complex and the manual segmentation process is tedious. It requires more time and skill. In this paper, a novel supervised approach using Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) classifier and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is proposed to segment the retinal blood vessel. This approach calculates 7-D feature vector comprises of green channel intensity, Median-Local Binary Pattern (M-LBP), Stroke Width Transform (SWT) response, Weber�s Local Descriptor (WLD) measure, Frangi�s vesselness measure, Laplacian Of Gaussian (LOG) filter response and morphological bottom-hat transform. This 7-D vector is given as input to the ELM classifier to classify each pixel as vessel or non-vessel. The primary vessel map from the ELM classifier is combined with the ridges detected from the enhanced bottom-hat transformed image. Then the high-level features computed from the combined image are used for final classification using SVM. The performance of this technique was evaluated on the publically available databases like DRIVE, STARE and CHASE-DB1. The result demonstrates that the proposed approach is very fast and achieves high accuracy about 96.1% , 94.4% and 94.5% for DRIVE, STARE and CHASE-DB1 respectively

Kinetics and mechanism of hallogenative oligomerization of mesityl oxide by Chloramin-T. Evidence for a novel pathway in aqueous sulphuric acid

The kinetics of the reaction between mesityl oxide and chloramine-T (CAT) in aqueous sulphuric acid in the presence of KHSO4 has been studied. The results indicate a radical chain mechanism to be operative which is quite novel in CAT kinetics

Status of fisheries of Lakshadweep

The Union Territory of Lakshadweep (08 00'N and 12 30'N latitudes and 71 00'E and 74 00'E longitudes), consisting of eleven inhabited and 25 uninhabited islands, is scattered in the Arabian Sea at about 200- 400 km from the Malabar Coast.Lakshadweep sea is rich in fishery resources such as the tunas, billfishes Mar. Fish. Infor. Serv., T&E Ser., No. 187, 2006 2 pelagic sharks etc., and the other groups of food fishes, live baits and ornamental fishes.The estimated marine fishery resources potential in the Lakshadweep waters are about 63,000 to 1,40,000 tonnes of various groups of fish, whereas the present annual production is around 10,000 t (10% of the potential)

Distribution and abundance of elasmobranchs in the Indian EEZ

Elasmobranchs were present in 100 trawling stations of depth up to 170 m, along the Indian EEZ, where the FORV Sagar Sampada carried out fishing operations during her first hundred cruises. Abundance and distribution of sharks, skates and rays in the different latitudinal zones are discussed. The catchable potential of this resource up to the 50 m depth zone has been estimated as 64934 tonne. Elasmobranchs being on exploitable resource, the potential yield beyond 50 m in the EEZ is estimated as 88985 m tonne. Though the maximum catch was obtained from the southwest area, the maximum c.p.u of elasmobranchs was observed to be along the northwest region