Early and Late Pathogenic Events of Newborn Mice Encephalitis Experimentally Induced by Itacaiunas and Curionópolis Bracorhabdoviruses Infection

In previous reports we proposed a new genus for Rhabdoviridae and described neurotropic preference and gross neuropathology in newborn albino Swiss mice after Curionopolis and Itacaiunas infections. In the present report a time-course study of experimental encephalitis induced by Itacaiunas and Curionopolis virus was conducted both in vivo and in vitro to investigate cellular targets and the sequence of neuroinvasion. We also investigate, after intranasal inoculation, clinical signs, histopathology and apoptosis in correlation with viral immunolabeling at different time points. Curionopolis and Itacaiunas viral antigens were first detected in the parenchyma of olfactory pathways at 2 and 3 days post-inoculation (dpi) and the first clinical signs were observed at 4 and 8 dpi, respectively. After Curionopolis infection, the mortality rate was 100% between 5 and 6 dpi, and 35% between 8 and 15 dpi after Itacaiunas infection. We identified CNS mice cell types both in vivo and in vitro and the temporal sequence of neuroanatomical olfactory areas infected by Itacaiunas and Curionopolis virus. Distinct virulences were reflected in the neuropathological changes including TUNEL immunolabeling and cytopathic effects, more intense and precocious after intracerebral or in vitro inoculations of Curionopolis than after Itacaiunas virus. In vitro studies revealed neuronal but not astrocyte or microglial cytopathic effects at 2 dpi, with monolayer destruction occurring at 5 and 7 dpi with Curionopolis and Itacaiunas virus, respectively. Ultrastructural changes included virus budding associated with interstitial and perivascular edema, endothelial hypertrophy, a reduced and/or collapsed small vessel luminal area, thickening of the capillary basement membrane, and presence of phagocytosed apoptotic bodies. Glial cells with viral budding similar to oligodendrocytes were infected with Itacaiunas virus but not with Curionopolis virus. Thus, Curionopolis and Itacaiunas viruses share many pathological and clinical features present in other rhabdoviruses but distinct virulence and glial targets in newborn albino Swiss mice brain

Variações diurnas no teor de carboidratos solúveis de haste e folhas de capim napier (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum)

Leaves and stalk samples of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum) cv. Cameroun were harvested at 7 a.m., 10 a.m., 3 p.m. and 5 p.m. The samples were analysed for total soluble carbohydrates and reducing sugars contents. The total soluble carbohydrates contents of stalk were lower at 5 p.m. and the soluble carbohydrates of leaves showed no differences during the day. Reducing sugars content of stalks was maximum at 3 p.m. The reducing sugars/total carbohydrates relation have not showed variations in stalks and leaves during the period considered.Amostras de haste e folhas de capim Napier (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum) foram colhidas às 7, 10, 15 e 17 horas e analisadas quanto aos teores de carboidratos solúveis totais e açúcares redutores. Na haste, o teor de carboidratos solúveis totais foi mínimo às 17 horas e nas folhas não foram detectadas diferenças significativas. O teor de açúcares redutores da haste foi máxima às 15 horas e nas folhas não foram detectadas diferenças significativas. A relação açúcares redutores/carboidratos totais, praticamente, não sofreu variações durante as colheitas, tanto para haste como para folhas

Structural and magnetic confinement of holes in the spin-polarized emission of coupled quantum ring–quantum dot chains

International audienc

Variações diurnas no teor de carboidratos solúveis de haste e folhas de capim napier (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum)

Amostras de haste e folhas de capim Napier (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum) foram colhidas às 7, 10, 15 e 17 horas e analisadas quanto aos teores de carboidratos solúveis totais e açúcares redutores. Na haste, o teor de carboidratos solúveis totais foi mínimo às 17 horas e nas folhas não foram detectadas diferenças significativas. O teor de açúcares redutores da haste foi máxima às 15 horas e nas folhas não foram detectadas diferenças significativas. A relação açúcares redutores/carboidratos totais, praticamente, não sofreu variações durante as colheitas, tanto para haste como para folhas.Leaves and stalk samples of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum) cv. Cameroun were harvested at 7 a.m., 10 a.m., 3 p.m. and 5 p.m. The samples were analysed for total soluble carbohydrates and reducing sugars contents. The total soluble carbohydrates contents of stalk were lower at 5 p.m. and the soluble carbohydrates of leaves showed no differences during the day. Reducing sugars content of stalks was maximum at 3 p.m. The reducing sugars/total carbohydrates relation have not showed variations in stalks and leaves during the period considered

Transmission electron photomicrographs of ultrathin sections obtained from control (A) and mouse brain infected intracerebrally with Curionopolis for 36 (B,C), 60 (D) and 96 h (E), and with Itacaiunas for 24 (F), 60 (G), 72 (H), 96 (I) and 108 h (J).

<p>Normal tissue with intact neuronal soma and appendages (A); viral particles (arrow), interstitial edema (stars) and cellular rarefaction (lozenge) are seen 36 h post-inoculation (p.i.) (B, C); necrotic cells were observed at 60 h p.i. (D); intense perivascular edema (stars), hyperplastic endotheliocytes and reduced vessel luminal area (E); well-preserved brain parenchyma and vessels at 24 h p.i. (F); viral particles, endotheliocyte hyperplasia, and mild interstitial edema (stars) at 60 h p.i. (G); membrane viral budding in rich polyribosomes oligodendrocyte-like cell at 72 h p.i. (H); brain parenchyma at 96 h p.i. presenting a large number of viral particles (I); apoptotic features were more marked at 108 h p.i. (J). AC = apoptotic cell, M = mitochondria, OL = oligodendrocyte, EC = endothelial cells, VL = vascular lumen, N = cell nucleus, NC = necrotic cells.</p

Bright-field (A, G) and interferential contrast (B–F, H) photomicrographs of infected mouse brain sections illustrating viral antigen-immunolabeled cells 2 (A–D) and 4 (E–G) days after inoculation with Curionopolis virus and TUNEL immunolabeling at 6 days (G, H).

<p>Low (square) (A), medium (B) and high (C) power photomicrographs of labeled olfactory bulb neurons. High power images illustrating isolated neurons of the olfactory bulb with immunolabeled soma (arrow) and other neuronal appendages (arrowheads) (C); immunolabeled meningeal cells are also indicated (arrow) (D); cortical (E) and thalamic (F) neurons immunostained with viral antigens distributed in the cell appendages. TUNEL-positive neurons in infected brain sections (TUNEL POD procedure) 6 days after inoculation with Curionopolis virus into the ventral olfactory bulb (G, H). The arrows indicate immunostained neuronal nuclei.</p