Morphological peculiarities of the testes in 41–50-years-old men

The morphological parameters such as the length, width, height and weight of 20 pairs of testes were measured in this study. The volume of the testis was calculated using the formula: Volume = length (L) × width (W) × height (H) × 0.71. These morphological parameters of the right and left testes were compared.The total length, width and height of both testes of 41–50-years-old men were 4.53±0.46 cm, 3.05±0.31 cm and 2.58±0.36 cm respectively. The total volume and weight were 25.53±6.06 cm3 and 20.93±4.75 g respectively. The length, height, volume and weight of the right testis were significantly larger than of the left testes in 41–50-years-old men. Only the width of the right and the left testes differed statistically non-significantly

Evaluation of complexity of induced necrosis zone shape by means of principal component analysis

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is medical procedure that causes coagulation necrosis in the ablative tissue. Experts using descriptive and morphometric methods usually assess the shape of necrosis zone. However, a precise and objective assessment of necrosis zone shape requires quantitative evaluation methodology that includes computerized mathematical algorithms. One of such methods is presented in the program package “SHAPE ver.1.3”, in which quantitative evaluation of various biological contour shapes is based on principal component analysis of elliptic Fourier descriptors (EFDs). Aim of present study was elaboration of quantitative measure for complexity of the necrosis zone shape after radiofrequency ablation. We performed assessment of suitability of computer program package “SHAPE ver. 1.3” to produce valuable estimates of necrosis zone shape. Minimal yet sufficient number of principal components for optimal representation of necrosis area shape could be a quantitative measure of the shape complexity. Program package “SHAPE ver.1.3” together with proposed procedure for determination of this measure could be used for optimization of radiofrequency ablation procedures

Analysis of Morphological and Morphometric Changes in a Parenchymal Tissue after the Radiofrequency Ablation Procedure

Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.Background and Objectives: Prostate cancer is on the rise in the European Union, and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is one of the minimally invasive treatment options used for its treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate and analyze the effects of RFA on prostate tissues. Materials and Methods: A standard prostate RFA procedure was performed on 13 non-purebred dogs in three sessions: no cooling (NC), cooling with a 0.1% NaCl solution (C.01), and cooling using a 0.9% NaCl solution (C.09). Microtome-cut 2–3 µm sections of prostate samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and further examined. Results: A histopathologic evaluation identified four zones of exposure: direct, application, necrosis, and transitional, as the damage on tissues decreased going further from the ablation site. The areas and perimeters of these zones were calculated, and geometric shapes of ablative lesions were evaluated using the quotient formula. Areas and perimeters of prostate tissue lesions in the NC and C.09 sessions were of similar size, whereas those found in C.01 were statistically significantly smaller. Lesions observed in session C.01 were of the most regular geometric shape, while the most irregular ones were found in session C.09. The shapes of lesions closest to the ablation electrode were the most irregular, becoming more regular the further away from the electrode they were. Conclusions: Prostate RFA leads to tissue damage with distinct morphological zones. Notably, the prostate lesions were the smallest and the most regular in shape after RFA procedures using the 0.1% NaCl cooling solution. It can be argued that smaller ablation sites may result in smaller scars, thus allowing for faster tissue healing if the blood flow and innervation at the ablation site are not compromised.Peer reviewe

1941 m. Raseinių holokausto byla

Basing on archives and historiography, it is aimed to reconstruct circumstances and process of Raseiniai Jewish massacre in 1941, and to present objective number of victims. This topic is relevant because there are still no detailed investigations on chronology of Raseiniai Jewish massacre. During the Second World War, from all Lithuanian cities Raseiniai had been affected the most. Jewish represented around half of all city residents and all of them were killed. German soldiers had invaded Raseiniai in the 23rd of June, 1941, and had started the pogrom and genocide. Jewish were forced to do various hard works, for example, to dig trenches, scavenge in the ruins of the city, clean contaminated wells and lavatories. They were forbidden to walk on pavements, use public transport, walk in public parks and squares or sit on their benches. Yet in the beginning of July they were ordered to come to the ghetto, and in the end of the month Jewish were being massively shot, mostly on the Kalnujai Mound and in Girkalnis. It is emphasized that the Jewish community of Raseiniai was killed in a numerous shootings (in 27th and 29th of July, 4th, 7th, 8th, 9th-16th of August, and during the period of 29th of August and 6th of September). After the counting of all shot Jewish of Raseiniai ghetto, a rather large number of killed people is revealed, i.e. around 3000 individuals; however, this number should be taken critically because a part of them were killed as Soviet activists

The influence of copper sulphate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O) on the embryo development in the guppies (Poecilia reticulata)

In the literature, there are no data on the effects of copper (Cu) on the development and birth defects of live-bearers freshwater fish embryos. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of copper sulphate (CuSO4) pentahydrate on the development of embryos in the guppies (Poecilia reticulata). Guppies were exposed to concentration of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/L of CuSO4 pentahydrate for 24 h. After 15 days, the female fish was euthanised and the embryos were dissected. No visible lesions were observed in the embryos of guppies exposed to 0.5 mg/L of CuSO4 pentahydrate. In the guppies exposed to 1.0 mg/L CuSO4 pentahydrate, the embryos showed visible abnormalities from blastodisc to middle-eyed stages of development. In the late (very late-eyed and mature embryo) stages embryos, the morphological abnormalities were not observed. The exposure to 1.5 mg/L of CuSO4 pentahydrate caused the death of guppies and their embryos during 24 h. In the light of these results, the 1.0 mg/L and higher dose of CuSO4 pentahydrate is not recommended for the treatment of guppies because this decreases the viability of guppies and causes morphological abnormalities and mortality in their embryos

Human Y chromosome: structure and biological role

Y chromosome differs from other human chromosomes. It is found in cells of the male persons only. Different human phenotypes are associated with non-recombinant region of Y chromosome. This chromosome is of great significance in the human sex determination and the development of male gametes (spermatogenesis). Testes develop in embryos which have the Y chromosome, and ovaries develop in embryos which have no Y chromosome. SRY (sex-determining region of the Y chromosome) gene determines the male phenotype. Translocation of this gene determines sex reversal. The aim of this article was to review the structure and biological functions of the human Y chromosome