Experimental behaviour of roads by using plastic waste

The use of plastic and related materials is increasing exponentially due to tremendous growth in population, urbanization and changed life style leads to widespread littering of plastic on the landscape. Disposal of waste plastic is a serious problem globally due to their non-biodegradability and hazardous to human health’s, since these are not disposed scientifically and thus, createground and watermuch polluted. If this curse to mankind in the form of waste plastic which can be used as a boon for mankind by using it as additives in road construction, it will proved to be a best solution over worst road condition. In the present paper,techniques havebeen developed to use plastic waste for construction of bituminous roads and flexible pavementsto be discussed. In general bitumen is used as binder in road construction. Binding properties of this bitumen can be modified by blending it with waste plastic pieces. It can be used for construction purpose.El uso de plástico y materiales relacionados está aumentando exponencialmente debido al tremendo crecimiento de la población, la urbanización y el cambio de estilo de vida conduce a una gran cantidad de basura plástica en el paisaje. La eliminación de residuos plásticos es un problema grave a nivel mundial debido a su no biodegradabilidad y peligro para la salud humana, ya que estos no se eliminan científicamente y, por lo tanto, crean suelos y aguas muy contaminados. Si esta maldición para la humanidad en forma de plástico de desecho que puede usarse como una bendición para la humanidad al usarlo como aditivos en la construcción de carreteras, demostrará ser la mejor solución en las peores condiciones de la carretera. En el presente trabajo, se han desarrollado técnicas para utilizar residuos plásticos para la construcción de carreteras bituminosas y pavimentos flexibles que se discutirán. En general, el betún se utiliza comoaglutinante en la construcción de carreteras. Las propiedades aglutinantes de este betún se pueden modificar mezclándolo con residuos de plástico. Se puede utilizar para fines de construcción

Effect of silymarin on N-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats

Aim: To study the effect of silymarin on the levels of tumor markers and MDA (malondialdehyde) – DNA adduct formation during N-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocellular carcinoma in male Wistar albino rats. Methods: The levels of AFP, CEA and activities of liver marker enzymes in serum, MDA-DNA immunohistochemistry were done according to standard procedures in the control and experimental groups of rats. Results: Hepatocellular carcinoma was evidenced from significant (p < 0.05) increases of alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyltransferase and 5?-nucleotidase in serum and increased MDA-DNA adducts were also observed in the tissue sections of hepatocellular carcinoma. Silymarin treatment significantly attenuated the alteration of these markers and decreased the levels of MDA-DNA adduct formation. Conclusion: Silymarin could be developed as a promising chemotherapeutic adjuvant for the treatment of liver cancer.Цель: изучить влияние силимарина на уровень экспрессии опухолевых и биохимических маркеров и формирование аддуктов малонового диальдегида с ДНК (MDA-DNA) при развитии гепатокариномы у крыс линии истар. Методы: стандартными биохимическими методами определяли активность ферментов в сыворотке крови и проводили иммуногистохимическое определение MDA-DNA в ткани печени крыс. Результаты: показано, что при развитии злокачественной гепатокарциномы в сыворотке крови животных значительно увеличивается количество альфа-фетопротеина, раковоэмбрионального антигена, активность аспартат- и аланинаминотрансферазы, щелочной и кислой фосфатазы, лактатдегидрогеназы, гаммаглутамилтрансферазы и 5-нуклеотидазы. При проведении иммуногистохимического исследования отмечали повышенное образование аддуктов MDA-DNA в ткани печени крыс со злокачественной гепатокариномой. При введении силимарина значительно снижался уровень указанных ферментов в сыворотке крови и формирование аддуктов MDA-DNA в ткани печени. Заключение: применение силимарина может быть эффективно для предупреждения развития злокачественной гепатокарциномы, индуцированной N-нитрозодиэтиламином у крыс, и этот препарат может быть многообещающим химиотерапевтическим адъювантом для лечения рака печени

Correlation between Hand Tripod Pinch Grip and Handwriting Quality impact on Academic Performance- A Narrative Review

Background: Hand is an important structure used for reaching, holding object predominantly for that grasp and grip strength particularly tripod pinch grip strength is very essential and handwriting is one of the skilled fine motor movements in that deft handwriting which include particular speed with legible writing product is needed for students especially for their higher grades to achieve their best academic performance. Objective: Deft Handwriting is an essential functional skill that impacts on Academic performance and progress from primary school level to higher grades, mostly assumed that grasp and tripod pinch grip affects legibility, speed, yet research studies examining this relationship as correlation are limited. Method: We used Narrative review methodology to map existing research on tripod pinch grip and handwriting quality from the school-age children to higher grades and to identify gaps in the literature. Results: Ten articles met search criteria and were categorized by grasp patterns which mainly include tripod –dynamic tripod grip strength and handwriting performance in speed and readability and grasp kinetics and handwriting performance. Findings suggest an inefficient grasp can lead to decreased handwriting quality i.e legibility and speed. The current literature is inconclusive and several gaps were identified. Conclusion: Tripod pinch grip strength consider as an important since the thump ,index and middle finger its fine motor action , pressure and force exerted on the pencil since static and dynamic tripod pinch commonly used with students if the student lack of this factor finally end in the low academic performance which affect their higher grades, hence Early Analysis at the primary level and early intervention with maintain the higher grades consider as an essential factor reveals from the article. &nbsp

Different types of Corrective exercises on Correction of Hyper Lumbarlordosis in Females- A Narrative Review

Back ground: Lumbar curvature carries the upper body weight and transfers it directly to the pelvis, which is of great significance. The structures in the lumbar region are one of the factors that affect the lumbar-pelvic balance, as well as the performance of lumbar lordosis and pelvic tilt. Also, weakness of abdominal, dorsal, and lumbar muscles has been considered as the most common factors increasing the lumbar curvature. Excessive lordotic curvature is also called hyperlordosis, hollow back, saddle back and swayback. Common cause of excessive lordosis includes tight low back muscle, excessive visceral fat, and pregnancy. Objectives: This review aimed at finding and analysing different forms of corrective exercises to correct hyper lumbar lordosis in females. Methods: The search was performed through online for English language articles. The databases used were Google ‘corrective exercises’ and ‘lumbar lordosis’. The scientific literature related to physiotherapy management for lumbar lordosis published from 1997 to 2021 was searched. Screening of the reference lists of all the retrieved articles was also done. Through online database search 100 articles were reviewed, 19 articles were included in this study based on predetermined inclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria: Based on gender (only female’s participant’s studies). Participants: Studies had included individuals with hyper lumbar lordosis with pain or without low back pain. Conclusion: 16 articles show Corrective exercises plays a main role in reduction of lumbar lordotic curve and functional disability. With the help of corrective exercises (abdominal muscle strengthening exercises, gluteal strengthening exercises hip flexor stretching exercises, back stretching exercises) can maintain the core stability of spinal extensors and flexors, due to this, spinal curvature can be corrected indirectly and the posture is corrected and the spasm get released, pain will be subsided, finally the quality of life will be improved

High-spin behavior of molecular crystals and extended pi systems

The qualitative rules for the existence of high-spin ground states in extended systems and molecular crystals are examined here on a firmer theoretical footing. Extended systems have been categorized into three groups, namely, type I, type II, and type Ill, depending on the type of bonding interactions. The general form of the spin Hamiltonian operators have been written down. The active spaces have been restricted to the minimum size for each of these three types of spin systems. The zeroth-order state vectors and the Hartree-Fock ground-state energies have been identified for unit species of each type. The extended system Hamiltonian operators are further truncated in such a way that only the nearest-neighbor interactions are retained. Expressions have been derived for the energy gap from a molecular orbital approach. The relatively small effects of electron correlation on the energy gaps have been estimated for the type I systems, which belong to the systems of solid-state physics. In particular, it has been shown that for the type I systems the singlet-triplet gap, and hence the ferromagnetic coupling constant, primarily depends upon the difference of one-electron kinetic energies and not on the two-electron exchange integrals. This result agrees with the concept of kinetic exchange that was introduced in the context of a resonating valence-bond formalism. Type II systems are exemplified by extended systems that can be prepared from conjugated molecules while organic molecular crystals form examples of type III species. For these systems, however, the Coulomb exchange interaction has been shown to dominate the energy gap. A quick review of the Heisenberg spin Hamiltonian for the H-2 molecule is sufficient to point out that the sign of the calculated ferromagnetic coupling constant depends on the method of calculation, the nature of the basis set, and the bond length This is amply supported by ab initio calculations on this species. Numerical data have also been obtained from computations on m-phenylene-coupled nitroxy radicals and stacks of alpha-nitronyl nitroxide, but these calculations have been based on a semiempirical quantum chemical methodology (INDO) since some of the species involved are exceedingly large. Computed energy gaps are in good agreement with experimental and other theoretical (AM1, PM3) results. Nevertheless, for the dimer, trimer, tetramer, and pentamer of the type EI specimen, the important pi orbitals are far from being degenerate. The quantitative results clearly deviate from the criterion of degeneracy that was suggested from qualitative theories for the existence of a high-spin ground state. Therefore, the criteria for the existence of high spins have been reformulated in terms of the monomer orbitals. (C) 2000 , Inc

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Not AvailableRetrospective study on necropsy data pertaining to urolithiasis in sheep was conducted to observe the epidemiological profile in semi-arid Rajasthan. Subsequently in year 2008, a total of 27 weaner lambs comprised of 23 clinically affected with urolithiasis and 4 clinically healthy lambs were undertaken to study the mineral and haemato biochemical profile in an attempt to find out the probable cause of the menace. During the period, out of 23 diseased lambs 11 were and they subjected to post-mortem examination for confirmation of urolithiasis. The confirmed urolith cases had slightly higher Hb, PCV, TEC, RBC, WBC and epithelial casts in urine, and significantly higher serum urea creatinine, magnesium and copper compared to suspected and healthy animals. The study revealed that abnormal calcium–phosphorus ratio is predisposing the animals to urolithiasis; however; other interrelated factors needs to be explored to formulate the effective preventive measuresICAR-CSWRI Avikanaga

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Not AvailableBackground and Aim: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli are gradually increasing worldwide and carry a serious public threat. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern of ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from fecal samples of piglets and pig farm workers. Materials and Methods: Fecal samples from <3-month-old piglets (n=156) and farm workers (n=21) were processed for the isolation of ESBL-producing E. coli in MacConkey agar added with 1 μg/mL of cefotaxime. E. coli (piglets=124; farm workers=21) were tested for ESBL production by combined disk method and ESBL E-strip test. Each of the ESBL-positive isolate was subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing. The ESBL-producing E. coli were further processed for genotypic confirmation to CTX-M gene. Results: A total of 55 (44.4%, 55/124) and nine (42.9%, 9/21) ESBL-producing E. coli were isolated from piglets and farm workers, respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of the ESBL-positive E. coli isolates from piglets and farm workers showed 100% resistance to ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cefotaxime/clavulanic acid, ceftazidime/clavulanic acid, and cefpodoxime. A proportion of 100% (55/55) and 88.9% (8/9) ESBL-positive E. coli were multidrug resistance (MDR) in piglets and farm workers, respectively. On genotypic screening of the ESBL E. coli isolated from piglets (n=55), 15 were positive for the blaCTX-M gene and of the nine ESBL E. coli from farm workers, none were positive for the blaCTX-M gene. Conclusion: Although there was no significant difference in isolation of ESBL-producing E. coli between piglets and farm workers, the ESBL-positive E. coli from piglets showed relatively higher MDR than farm workers.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableBurkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) bacteria are versatile difficult to treat pathogens with extraordinary metabolic diversity. They are important nosocomial pathogens having multi-drug resistant potential. Contamination and biofilm formation on medical devices and equipment are the important reasons for the multiple outbreaks in recent decades. In this study, we subjected 32 isolates of Bcc to the two important virulent traits such as antimicrobial susceptibility and biofilm producing ability with and without different stress conditions. All the isolates were susceptible to co-trimoxazole (TMP-SMX) (100%) suggesting it as the preferred drug or the drug of the first choice for treating Bcc from ultrasound gels infections. The isolates showed the varied degree of susceptibility to meropenem (91%), doxycycline (85%), gatifloxacin (85%), piperacillin+ tazobactam (82%), ceftazidime (79%), and levofloxacin (71%). Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indices for all the isolates were >0.2 and three isolates had >0.5. Most of the Bcc isolates (81.25%) were weak biofilm producers, while three strains each of B.cepacia, B. cenocepacia and B. pseudomultivorans produced moderate and strong types of biofilms under standard laboratory conditions. The combination of change in pH with other stress conditions significantly increased the biofilm formation. This study found the difference in the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Bcc isolates from ultrasound gels and the adaptability to in-vitro stress conditions explaining the variability of virulence among Bcc species. Keywords: Burkholderia cepacia Complex (Bcc); Ultrasound Gels; Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Multiple Antibiotic ResistanceNot Availabl