BANDGAP ANALYSIS OF NANO CRYSTALLINE L0.1ZY0.9BCCO CERAMICS

Crystalline Ceramic Lanthanum Zirconium Yttrium barium Calcium Copper oxide(L0.1ZY0.9BCCO)  was prepared by a high-energy ball milling process through mechanically assisted synthesis at a high temperature to acquire the desired homogeneity and phase formation. Inorder to study the optical properties like reflectivity, absorptivity, refractive index, the UV-VIS analysis of the above nonstochiometric sample was carried out. The dispersion of refractive index was analyzed by the Wemple-DiDomenico single-oscillator model.The band gap energy of the sample was elucidated from the Tauc plot. The refractive index n was calculated and  the results obtained are plotted  with the wavelength.Â

MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SUPERCONDUCTING NANO CRYSTALLINE CERAMIC YSrBiCuO BY THERMAL TECHNIQUES

The nano-sized ceramic superconducting material YSBCO having perovskite structure was prepared according to the chemical formula by the thermo chemical solid state reaction technique using a high-energy ball milling process through mechanically assisted synthesis. It was characterized by XRD, SEM and EDX. Here the authours studied the thermal characterization using TGA, DTA and DSC

Software Defined Networking Controller (SDNC): a robust security architecture for SDN-based 5G networks

The efficacy of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), a subset of Wireless Ad-hoc Networks, is significantly impacted by application, lifetime, storage capacity, processing power, topology changes, communication medium, and bandwidth. These constraints necessitate a robust data transport control in WSNs that considers service quality, energy efficiency, and congestion management. Congestion is a significant issue for wireless networks. Congestion in WSNs has deleterious effects on loss rate, channel quality, link utilization, number of retransmissions, traffic flow, network lifetime, latency, energy, and throughput. The predominance of WSNs necessitates the development of more efficient congestion control algorithms. Since it has been demonstrated that the routing problem is NP-hard and that heuristic-based methods outperform their traditional counterparts, routing is one of the most prevalent techniques for reducing the energy consumption of nodes and increasing throughput in WSNs. This study presents Rate Aware Congestion Control (RACC), an efficient method for avoiding congestion that improves network performance by employing Modified Harris Hawks Optimisation (MHHO). Initially, nodes are clustered utilizing the DBSCAN clustering algorithm. The simulation results of the developed technique indicate superior service, low latency, high energy, a high packet delivery ratio and an increasing number of living nodes when compared to existing approaches

Variations in the Origin of Middle Hepatic Artery in Living Liver Donors using CT Angiography in South Indian Population: A Retrospective Study

Introduction: The middle hepatic artery is an artery which supplies blood to the fourth segment of the liver. Most commonly, it originates from the right hepatic artery. Injury to the middle hepatic artery during liver transplant surgeries may lead to ischaemia and also may lead to life threatening conditions like hepatic artery thrombosis in donor as well as recipient. The variations in the origin of the middle hepatic artery in the living donors were focused in the present study as it has surgical importance in the liver transplantations. Aim: To find out the incidence of the variations in the origin of the middle hepatic artery in living liver donors using Computed Tomography (CT) angiography. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted from August 2018 to October 2021 in the Department of Anatomy, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. The images of CT angiographies of 100 living liver donors were collected from the Department of Radiology, Global Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. All the CT angiographs of the living liver donors were observed for any variations in the origin of the middle hepatic artery and recorded and the percentage of each variation was calculated. Results: Out of 100 CT angiographs studied, the incidence of the origin of middle hepatic artery was reported as 55% from right hepatic artery, 34% from the left hepatic artery, 5% from replaced left hepatic artery, 2% from the hepatic artery proper, 1% from the common hepatic artery, 1% from left gastric artery. Double middle hepatic arteries were observed in 1% of cases. Accessory middle hepatic artery was observed in 1% cases. Conclusion: To increase the success rate of liver transplantations, the clear knowledge on the possible variations of the middle hepatic artery is needed. The variations of the middle hepatic artery reported in this study are rare and will be useful for the liver transplant surgeons

Ionic conductivity studies on neodymium doped ceria in different atmospheres

Nano-crystalline 10 and 20 mol% neodymium (Nd) doped ceria powders were prepared by gel-combustion synthesis. The single-phase nature of the nano powder has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction. These sinter-active nano powders resulted in dense products, as the sintered densities were found to be similar to 90% of theoretical densities. Ionic conductivity studies were carried out in air, hydrogen and oxygen atmospheres. The samples showed ionic conductivity of 1.3 x 10(-2) cm(-1) at 650 degrees C, and the activation energy values obtained in this system were in the range of 0.7-1.0 eV. These studies also revealed that no electronic conduction was observed, as the ionic conductivity values were almost similar in different environments

INVESTIGATION OF THE ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT, REFRACTIVE INDEX, ENERGY BAND GAP, DISPERSION ENERGY AND URBACH ENERGY OF NANOCRYSTALLINE CERAMIC SUPERCONDUCTOR YSRBICUO

In this era of High temperature superconductors (HTS), having a lot of applications like high -voltage generator, Ceramic superconductor yttrium strontium bismuth copper oxide (YSBCO) was synthesized thermo chemically by solid state method at different treating temperatures. A characteristic feature of all solid-state reactions is that they involve the formation of product phase(s) at the interfaces of the reactants. UV-VIS analysis of the sample was carried out. Tunable band gaps can be obtained by varying annealing temperatures. The optical constants of refractive index, normal-incidence reflectivity, extinction coefficient, and absorption coefficient showed systematic variation with temperature. The dispersion of refractive index was analyzed by the Wemple-Di Domenico singleoscillator model. Urbach energy was elucidated from the raw data

Strategic fluorination of polymers and fullerenes improves photostability of organic photovoltaic blends

The photobleaching dynamics of a series of three organic photovoltaic (OPV) donor polymer blends with five different fullerenes are presented. The fullerenes studied include PC60BM and four perfluoroalkylfullerenes with relatively large electron affinities, namely C-60(CF3)(2), C-60(i-C3F7)(2), C-60(CF3)4(,) and C-60(CF3)(8). The donor polymers were all based on cyclopentadithiophene (CPDT) and thienopyrrolodione (TPD), but the TPD side chains were designed to include alkyl, partially fluorinated alkyl, and fluorinated phenyl groups to improve miscibility of the active layer components. Exciton harvesting was probed with photoluminescence quenching measurements. Accelerated photodegradation studies of polymer:fullerene blends were then carried out under white light illumination at similar to 1.2 suns in air. A strong correlation was observed between the polymer donor photobleaching rate and the electron affinity of the fullerene. The most dramatic effect was observed for a blend of C-60(CF3)(8) with the donor containing fluorinated phenyl groups: the blend required 150 times the dosing of photons to bleach to 80% of its initial optical density than an analagous blend of PC60BM and non-fluorinated donor polymer. These results ultimately suggest that appropriate fluorination strategies applied to both the donor and acceptor can be a viable route toward a new paradigm of intrinsically photo- and phase-stable OPV active layers