Comparison of simulated longitudinal profiles of hadronic air showers with MASS2 balloon data

The KASKADE and CORSIKA air shower generators are compared to the data collected by MASS2 balloon experiment in 1991. The test of longitudinal profile for proton, helium and muon flux production provide good constraints on these air shower generators. KASKADE and CORSIKA especially with the new simulator UrQMD for low energies are found to fit these data well. This study is limited to a comparison of longitudinal profiles and therefore does not provide constraints on the overall shower development.Comment: to be published in Astroparticle Physic

Growth Route Toward III-V Multispectral Solar Cells on Silicon

To date, high efficiency multijunction solar cells have been developed on Ge or GaAs substrates for space applications, and terrestrial applications are hampered by high fabrication costs. In order to reduce this cost, we propose a breakthrough technique of III-V compound heteroepitaxy on Si substrates without generation of defects critical to PV applications. With this technique we expect to achieve perfect integration of heterogeneous Ga1-xInxAs micro-crystals on Si substrates. In this paper, we show that this is the case for x=0. GaAs crystals were grown by Epitaxial Lateral Overgrowth on Si (100) wafers covered with a thin SiO2 nanostructured layer. The cristallographic structure of these crystals is analysed by MEB and TEM imaging. Micro-Raman and Micro-Photomuminescence spectra of GaAs crystals grown with different conditions are compared with those of a reference GaAs wafer in order to have more insight on eventual local strains and their cristallinity. This work aims at developping building blocks to further develop a GaAs/Si tandem demonstrator with a potential conversion efficiency of 29.6% under AM1.5G spectrum without concentration, as inferred from our realistic modeling. This paper shows that Epitaxial Lateral Overgrowth has a very interesting potential to develop multijunction solar cells on silicon approaching the today 30.3% world record of a GaInP/GaAs tandem cell under the same illumination conditions, but on a costlier substrate than silicon.Comment: Preprint of the 28th EUPVSEC proceedings, September 2013, Paris, France. (5 pages

Penerapan Kampanye Penggalangan Dana oleh Perusahaan Penyiaran Televisi untuk Mendukung Kegiatan Kemanusiaan (Studi Deskriptif Kulitatif Program Jembatan Asa Sctv)

Turut berkontribusi terhadap masa depan masyarakat agar menjadi lebih baik merupakan salah satu kewajiban Perusahaan, tak terkecuali Perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang industri penyiaran. Penelitian ini membahas kampanye penggalangan dana oleh PT Surya Citra Televisi (SCTV) melalui program Jembatan Asa, sebuah program kemanusiaan untuk membangun jembatan rusak di berbagai daerah di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penerapan kampanye penggalangan dana kemanusiaan Program Jembatan Asa oleh SCTV dengan menggunakan model kampanye Nowak dan Warneryd. Pada model ini terdapat delapan elemen kampanye yang harus diperhatikan: efek yang diharapkan; persaingan komunikasi; obyek komunikasi; populasi target dan kelompok penerima; saluran; pesan; komunikator/pengirim pesan; efek yang dicapai. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif, dengan sifat penelitian deskriptif. Prosedur pengumpulan data melalui dokumentasi iklan dan berita serta wawancara mendalam dari key informan, yakni Ketua Penyelenggara program CSR Jembatan Asa, Manajer Produksi Berita, Produser Program Liputan 6 dan Video Journalist di Divisi Pemberitaan SCTV. Hasil dan analisis temuan data memperlihatkan bahwa kampanye dilakukan dengan menggandeng stakeholder internal SCTV yaitu departemen pemberitaan, programming, promosi, IT dan media online www.liputan6.com. Sedangkan dari pihak eksternal dilakukan kerja sama dengan Yayasan Relawan Kampung dan Kementerian Sosial Republik Indonesia. Target khalayak yang dituju mengalami Perubahan dari awalnya masyarakat ekonomi kelas A,B,C, diperluas menjadi kelas D dan E, serta kaum muda yang memanfaatkan media online dan media sosial dalam keseharian. Media yang digunakan dalam kampanye terdiri dari traditional media dan new media. Traditional media yang digunakan yaitu program berita Liputan 6, program infotainmen Was-was dan Halo Selebriti, serta program hiburan Inbox yang semuanya tayang di SCTV. Kampenye melalui new media, dilakukan dengan cara publikasi di media online, www.liputan6.com dan www.sctv.co.id. Sedangkan publikasi media sosial dilakukan melalui facebook https://www.facebook.com/Surya.Citra.TV dan twitter @SCTV_. Dengan menggunakan kampanye tersebut, SCTV mampu memperoleh sumbangan dana masyarakat sebesar Rp 4.546.241.368, yang digunakan untuk membangun 10 jembatan, melebihi target awal kampanye yang direncanakan hanya membangun 3 jembata

Preheating After Modular Inflation

We study (p)reheating in modular (closed string) inflationary scenarios, with a special emphasis on Kahler moduli/Roulette models. It is usually assumed that reheating in such models occurs through perturbative decays. However, we find that there are very strong non-perturbative preheating decay channels related to the particular shape of the inflaton potential (which is highly nonlinear and has a very steep minimum). Preheating after modular inflation, proceeding through a combination of tachyonic instability and broad-band parametric resonance, is perhaps the most violent example of preheating after inflation known in the literature. Further, we consider the subsequent transfer of energy to the standard model sector in scenarios where the standard model particles are confined to a D7-brane wrapping the inflationary blow-up cycle of the compactification manifold or, more interestingly, a non-inflationary blow up cycle. We explicitly identify the decay channels of the inflaton in these two scenarios. We also consider the case where the inflationary cycle shrinks to the string scale at the end of inflation; here a field theoretical treatment of reheating is insufficient and one must turn instead to a stringy description. We estimate the decay rate of the inflaton and the reheat temperature for various scenarios.Comment: 34 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in JCA

Development of multifunctional lipid nanocapsules for the co-delivery of paclitaxel and CpG-ODN in the treatment of glioblastoma

In this work, multifunctional lipid nanocapsules (M-LNC) were designed to combine the activity of the cytotoxic drug paclitaxel (PTX) with the immunostimulant CpG. This nanosystem, consisting of modified lipid nanocapsules coated with a cationic polymeric shell composed of chitosan (CS), was able to allocate the hydrophobic drug PTX in the inner oily core, and to associate onto the surface the genetic material CpG. The CS-coated LNC (CS-LNC), showed a narrow size distribution with an average size of 70nm and a positive zeta potential (+25mV). They encapsulated PTX in a high amount (98%), and, due to the cationic surface charge, were able to adsorb CpG without losing stability. As a preliminary in vitro study, the apoptotic effect on GL261 glioma cells was investigated. The drug-loaded CS-LNC exhibited the ability to interact with glioma cells and induce an important apoptotic effect in comparison with blank systems. Finally, the M-LNC made of CS-LNC loaded with both CpG and PTX were tested in vivo, injected via convention enhanced delivery (CED) in GL261-glioma-bearing mice. The results showed that the overall survival of mice treated with the M-LNC was significantly increased in comparison with the control, Taxol(®), or the separated injection of PTX-loaded LNC and CpG. This effect was also confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which revealed the reduction of tumor growth in the animals treated with CpG and PTX-loaded M-LNC. All these findings suggested that the developed M-LNC could potentiate both CpG immunopotency and PTX antitumor activity by enhancing its delivery into the tumor microenvironment