Recent Advances in Pancreatic Surgery

Non peer reviewe

Kolonoskopian tarve ei ole muuttunut

Kommentti Hannu Paajasen artikkeliin SLL 71(42)2633, 201

Surgical and oncological outcomes of D1 versus D2 gastrectomy among elderly patients treated for gastric cancer

Introduction: Gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy is considered standard treatment in gastric cancer (GC). Among Western patients, morbidity and mortality seem to increase in D2 relative to D1 lymphadenectomy. As elderly patients with co-morbidities are more prone to possible complications, it is unclear whether they benefit from D2 lymphadenectomy. This study aims to compare the short- and long-term results of D1 and D2 lymphadenectomy in elderly patients undergoing gastrectomy for GC. Methods: All elderly (> 75 years) patients undergoing gastrectomy with curative intent for GC during 2000-2015 were included and grouped according to the level of lymph node dissection into the D1 or D2 group. Short-term surgical outcome included the Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI) and 30-day mortality. Long-term outcomes comprised overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and disease-free survival (DFS). Cox regression was used in multivariable analyses. Results: In total, 99 elderly patients were included in the study (51 in D1 group, 48 in D2 group). The median follow-up was 32.5 months. Patients in the D1 group were older and had a higher American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) score. Both groups had similar burden of postoperative complications (CCI 20.9 versus 22.6, p = 0.26, respectively) and 90-day mortality (2% for both groups). The OS, DSS, and DFS were similar between groups. Multivariable analysis adjusted for potential confounders detected no difference in the survival between the D1 and D2 groups. Conclusions: Gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy can be performed with low postoperative morbidity and mortality suggesting its use also in the elderly. Long-term outcomes seem similar but need further studies.Peer reviewe

Laparoskooppinen appendisektomia

English summar

Outcomes and quality of life after major bile duct injury in long-term follow-up

Introduction Recently new standards for reporting outcomes of bile duct injury (BDI) have been proposed. It is unclear how these treatment outcomes are reflected in quality of life (QOL). The aim of this study was to report outcomes and QOL after repair of major BDI and compare repairs by hepatobiliary surgeon to repairs by non-hepatobiliary surgeons. Methods This was a retrospective study of patients treated for major (Strasberg E-type) BDI after cholecystectomy at a tertiary hepatobiliary center. Outcomes were assessed using Cho-Strasberg proposed standards. QOL was assessed using Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the gastrointestinal QOL-index (GIQLI). Patients undergoing uneventful cholecystectomy matched by age, urgency, and duration of follow-up were used as controls. Results Fifty-two patients with major BDI treated between 2000 and 2016 were included (42% male, median age 53 years). Thirty-seven (71%) patients attained primary patency (29 (83%) if primarily operated by a hepatobiliary surgeon). Actuarial primary patency rate (grade A result) at 1, 3, and 5 years was 58%, 56%, and 53% in the whole cohort, and 83%, 80%, and 80% in patients primary treated by a hepatobiliary surgeon, respectively. At 3-year follow-up 6 (11.5%) patients obtained grade B, 10 (19.2%) grade C, and 7 (13.5%) grade D result. QOL was similar in patients with BDI and controls (median SF-36 physical component 51.7 and 53.6,p = 1.0, mental component 53.3 and 53.4,p = 1.0, GIQLI 109.0 and 123.0,p = 0.174, respectively) at median 90 (IQR 70-116) months from cholecystectomy. QOL was similar regardless of outcome grade. Conclusion First attempt to repair a severe BDI should be undertaken by a hepatobiliary surgeon. However, long-term QOL is not affected even by severe BDI, and QOL is not associated with the grade of the outcome.Peer reviewe

Preoperative prognostic factors for severe diffuse secondary peritonitis : a retrospective study

The aim of this study was to analyse preoperative risk factors for mortality or intensive care unit admission to describe severe peritonitis. This was a single academic centre retrospective study of consecutive adult patients operated for diffuse secondary peritonitis between 2012 and 2013. Patients with appendicitis or cholecystitis were excluded. Independent risk factors were identified using binary and ordinal logistic regression. A total of 223 patients were analysed. Overall 30-day mortality was 14.5 %. Postoperatively, 32.3 % of patients were admitted into the intensive care unit (ICU). Independent risk factors for severe peritonitis were septic shock (odds ratio (OR) 37.94, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 14.52-99.13), chronic kidney insufficiency (OR 5.98 (95 % CI 1.56-22.86), severe sepsis (OR 4.80, 95 % CI 2.10-10.65) and cardiovascular disease (OR 2.58, 95 % CI 1.22-5.47). Patients lacking these factors had no mortality. ICU admission was refused in 24 (10.8 %) patients with 70.8 % mortality. In a subgroup of patients without treatment limitations (n = 190), independent risk factors for weighted outcome of ICU admission or mortality were septic shock (OR 11.89, 95 % CI 4.98-28.40), severe sepsis (OR 5.56, 95 % CI 2.39-12.89), metastatic malignant disease or lymphoma (OR 3.11, 95 % CI 1.34-7.20) and corticosteroid use (OR 2.98, 95 % CI 1.18-7.51). When receiving full level of care, patients with preoperative organ dysfunctions in this subgroup had 8.2 % 30-day mortality. Preoperative organ dysfunctions, chronic kidney insufficiency and cardiovascular disease are the most important risk factors for severe peritonitis. Without these risk factors, patients had no mortality.Peer reviewe

Effect of Hydrocortisone vs Pasireotide on Pancreatic Surgery Complications in Patients With High Risk of Pancreatic Fistula A Randomized Clinical Trial

Importance Both hydrocortisone and pasireotide have been shown in randomized clinical trials to be effective in reducing postoperative complications of pancreatic surgery, but to date no randomized clinical trial has evaluated the effectiveness of pasireotide compared with hydrocortisone. Objective To assess the noninferiority of hydrocortisone compared with pasireotide in reducing complications after partial pancreatectomy. Design, Setting, and Participants A noninferiority, parallel-group, individually randomized clinical trial was conducted at a single academic center between May 19, 2016, and December 17, 2018. Outcome collectors and analyzers were blinded. A total of 281 patients undergoing partial pancreatectomy were assessed for inclusion. Patients younger than 18 years, those allergic to hydrocortisone or pasireotide, patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy with hard pancreas or dilated pancreatic duct, and patients not eventually undergoing partial pancreatectomy were excluded. Modified intention-to-treat analysis was used in determination of the results. Interventions Treatment included pasireotide, 900 mu g, subcutaneously twice a day for 7 days or hydrocortisone, 100 mg, intravenously 3 times a day for 3 days. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI) score within 30 days. The noninferiority limit was set to 9 CCI points. Results Of the 281 patients (mean [SD] age, 63.8 years) assessed for eligibility, 168 patients (mean [SD] age, 63.6 years) were randomized and 126 were included in the modified intention-to-treat analyses. Sixty-three patients received pasireotide (35 men [56%]; median [interquartile range] age, 64 [56-70] years) and 63 patients received hydrocortisone (25 men [40%]; median [interquartile range] age, 67 [56-73] years). The mean (SD) CCI score was 23.94 (17.06) in the pasireotide group and 30.11 (20.47) in the hydrocortisone group (mean difference, -6.16; 2-sided 90% CI, -11.73 to -0.60), indicating that hydrocortisone was not noninferior. Postoperative pancreatic fistula was detected in 34 patients (54%) in the pasireotide group and 39 patients (62%) in the hydrocortisone group (odds ratio, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.68-2.82; P = .37). One patient in the pasireotide group and 2 patients in the hydrocortisone group died within 30 days. In subgroup analyses of patients undergoing distal pancreatectomy, the CCI score was a mean of 10.3 points lower (mean [SD], 16.03 [11.94] vs 26.28 [21.76]; 2-sided 95% CI, -19.34 to -2.12; P = .03) and postoperative pancreatic fistula rate was lower (37% vs 67%; P = .02) in the pasireotide group compared with the hydrocortisone group. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, hydrocortisone was not noninferior compared with pasireotide in patients undergoing partial pancreatectomy. Pasireotide may be more effective than hydrocortisone in patients undergoing distal pancreatectomy.Peer reviewe