Further triterpenes, steroids and furocoumarins from brazilian medicinal plants of dorstenia genus (moraceae)

The hexane-soluble fractions from the rhizomes or from the leaves from five Dorstenia (Moraceae) species (D. bahiensis Kl., D. bryoniifolia Mart ex. Miq., D. carautae C.C.Berg, D. cayapiaa Vell. and D. heringerii Car. & Val) were analysed by HRGC-MS (high-resolution gas chromatography - mass spectrometry). Pentacyclic triterpenes, steroids and furocoumarins were identified. HRGC-MS is shown to be a valuable tool for the analysis of terpenoidal compounds from Dostenia species. These compounds may be related to the folk utilization of Dorstenia species as antiophidicals

Composition of the volatile compounds from Aniba canelilla (H. B. K.) Mez. extracted by CO2 in the supercritical state

The volatile compounds obtained by SFE-CO2 (supercritical fluid extraction utilizing CO2) from the barks of Aniba canelilla (H. B. K.) Mez. (Lauraceae) were analyzed by HRGC-FID (high resolution gas chromatography - flame ionization detector) and HRGC-MS (high resolution gas chromatography -mass spectrometry). Phenylpropanoids and lower amounts of sesquiterpenoids, representing ca. 97% of the total oil, were identified. The main compound, 2-phenylnitroethane, corresponds to 71,12% of the total oil

ANTIDIARRHEAL MECHANISM AND IONIC PROFILE OF CARPOLOBIA LUTEA ETHANOLIC STEM-BARK EXTRACT IN RATS.

Background: The stem-bark extract of Carpolobia lutea (Polygalaceae), used in ethno-medicine as anti-diarrhea was pharmacologically evaluated. This was the first report of assessment of the ethanolic stem extract (ESE), of C. lutea as anti-diarrhoeal agent in rats. The anti-diarrhoeal effects, acute toxicity and ionic profile are investigated and reported. Materials and Methods: The acute toxicity was established using Lock’s method. The anti-diarrhoeal effects were demonstrated using castor oil-induced diarrheal and fluid accumulation and its effect on normal intestinal transit. The mechanism elucidated using yohimbine, isosorbide dinitrate, and diphenoxylate. The elemental and ionic profile of ESE was established using inductively coupled argon-plasma emission spectrometer and potentiometric titration respectively. The finger print of ESE was revealed by Jasco (Tokyo, Japan), HPLC and active compounds by phytochemical screening using standard procedure. Results: The LD50 obtained is 866.025 mg/kg (i.p). The doses of 43.3, 86.6, and 173.2 mg/kg of ESE showed inhibition of castor oil–induced diarrheal (

Unusual C,O-Fused Glycosylapigenins from Serjania marginata Leaves

A phytochemical study of a Serjania marginata leaf extract with antiulcer activity afforded 15 compounds, including the new 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl(1→3)-α-Lrhamnopyranosyl(1→2)[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→4)]-α-Larabinopyranosyloleanolic acid (1) and 7,5″-anhydroapigenin 8-C-α-(2,6-dideoxy-5-hydroxy-ribo-hexopyranosyl)-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4). The structures of the new compounds were determined by spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR techniques, mass spectrometry, and chemical methods. Compound 4 is a C-hexopyranosylapigenin with an unusual cyclic ether linkage between C-5″ and C-7 of apigenin. The isolated proanthocyanidins have high antioxidant activities, and these compounds are probably responsible for the gastroprotective effect of the extract

Comparison of Brazilian Plants Used to Treat Gastritis on the Oxidative Burst of Helicobacter pylori

Ten Brazilian medicinal plants used to treat gastritis and ulcers were carefully selected on the basis of ethnopharmacological importance and antiulcerogenic activity previously described. The antioxidant activity of the methanolic extracts was determined in analysis conditions that simulate a real biological activity on inhibition of the oxidative burst induced in neutrophils using Helicobacter pylori as activator, by a luminol-amplified chemiluminescence assay. The extracts, at low concentration (5 μg/mL), exhibited a large variation in inhibitory effects of H. pylori-induced oxidative burst ranging from 48% inhibition to inactive, but all extracts, excluding Byrsonima intermedia, had inhibitory activity over 80% at the concentration of 100 μg/mL. The total suppressive antioxidant capacity measured as the effective concentration, which represents the extract concentration producing 50% inhibition of the chemiluminescence induced by H. pylori, varies from 27.2 to 56.8 μg/mL and was in the following order: Qualea parviflora > Qualea multiflora > Alchornea triplinervia > Qualea grandiflora > Anacardium humile > Davilla elliptica > Mouriri pusa > Byrsonima basiloba > Alchornea glandulosa > Byrsonima intermedia. The main groups of compounds in tested extracts are presented. Differences in the phytochemical profile, quantitatively and qualitatively, of these plants can explain and justify their protective effect on the gastric mucosa caused by the neutrophil-generated ROS that occurs when H. pylori displays its evasion mechanisms

Anti-Candida targets and cytotoxicity of casuarinin isolated from Plinia cauliflora leaves in a bioactivity-guided study

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Chemical profile of the polar extract of Paepalanthus microphyllus (Guill.) Kunth (Eriocaulaceae)

Do extrato etanólico dos capítulos de Paepalanthus microphyllus, isolou-se um derivado do ácido cafeico (1). Sua estrutura foi caracterizada por métodos espectroscópicos (RMN mono e bi-dimensionais) e por espetrometria de massas Electrospray. Foram, também, isolados outros três flavonóides (2-4) de interesse taxonômico, os quais foram identificados por métodos espectroscópicos e comparados com dados da literatura.From the ethanolic extract of the capitulae of Paepalanthus microphyllus, one caffeic acid derivative (1) was isolated. The structure of the compound was characterized by spectroscopic methods, mainly 1D and 2D NMR experiments, as well as ESMS spectrometry. In addition, three flavonoids of taxonomic relevance were isolated and identified by comparison to literature data

Phytochemical study and antiulcerogenic activity of Syngonanthus bisulcatus (Eriocaulaceae)

Do extrato etanólico dos capítulos e dos escapos de Syngonanthus bisulcatus (Koern) Ruhland foram isolados os flavonóides: 5-hidroxi-7,4'-dimetoxi-6-C-beta-D-glicopiranosilflavona, isovitexina (5,7,4'-triidróxi-6-C-beta-D-glicopiranosilflavona, luteolina (5,7,3',4'- tetraidroxiflavona), lutonarina (5,3',4'-triidroxi-6-C-7-O-beta-D-glicopiranosilflavona) e 5,6,3',4'-tetraidroxi-7-O-beta-D-glicopiranosilflavona. As estruturas dos compostos foram caracterizadas por espectroscopia (RMN mono e bi-dimensionais) e por espectrometria de massas Electrospray. Adicionalmente foram examinados os efeitos dos extratos etanólicos dos capítulos e dos escapos pelo modelo de úlcera induzida por etanol/HClFrom the ethanol extract of the capitula and scapes of Syngonanthus bisulcatus (Koern) Ruhland the flavonoids 5-hydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxy-6-C-beta-D-glucopyranosylflavone, isovitexin (5,7,4'-trihydroxy-6-C-beta-D-glucopyranosylflavone), luteolin (5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone), lutonarin (5,3',4'-trihydroxy-6-C-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylflavone) and 5,6,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-7-O-beta-D-glucopyrade were isolated. The structure of the compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods, mainly 1D and 2D NMR experiments, as well as ESMS spectrometry. In addition we examined the effect of the ethanol extract of capitulae and scapes in the ulcer model ethanol/HCl-induced gastric mucosal lesions